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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/1682-5616-2023-22-2-34-48</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-1895</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ И ИММУНОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND ANIMAL IMMUNOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Ретроспективный анализ заболеваемости собак парвовирусным энтеритом в 2017-2022 гг. в г. Ростове-на-Дону</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Canine Parvoviral Enteritis Incidence in Rostov-on-Don in 2017-2022: A Retrospective Analysis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Лабазов</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Labazov</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Лабазов Игорь Владимирович, студент факультета биоинженерии и ветеринарной медицины</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Igor’ V Labazov, Student of the Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine Faculty</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">igor@labazov.eu</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9641-5363</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тресницкий</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tresnitskii</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Тресницкий Сергей Николаевич, доктор ветеринарных наук, ведущий научный сотрудник</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergei N Tresnitskii, Dr.Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Senior Researcher</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">TresnitskiyDONSTU@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>34</fpage><lpage>48</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Лабазов И.В., Тресницкий С.Н., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Лабазов И.В., Тресницкий С.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Labazov I.V., Tresnitskii S.N.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1895">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1895</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Парвовирусный энтерит, выявленный в 1978 году [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], является распространенной причиной заболеваемости и смертности молодых собак. Повышенная вирулентность и устойчивость вируса обусловлены его способностью мутировать и претерпевать изменения, что частично объясняет продолжающуюся эпидемию парвовирусного энтерита.</p><p>Характер самого заболевания изменился с момента первого выявления вируса, и, если ранние вспышки носили панзоотический характер с высокой заболеваемостью и высокой смертностью, то большинство взрослых собак в настоящее время обладают либо вакцинальным иммунитетом, либо приобретенным в результате естественного инфицирования, а парвовирусная инфекция в основном проявляется кишечной формой заболевания молодых собак в возрасте от отъема до шести месяцев.</p><p>Цель работы – изучение антигенного значения вируса парвовирусного энтерита собак путем проведения анализа филогенетических отношений между штаммами при отсутствии группирования вирусов одного и того же антигенного типа с появлением мутаций.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Отбор материала для исследования производили на базе ветеринарной больницы «Энимал Клиник» в г. Ростове-на-Дону методом сплошного отбора медицинских карт (генерация случайных чисел в диапазоне 1–255) и проведения интервьюирования персонала (врачей) за период с сентября 2017 по октябрь 2022 гг. включительно. Данные о владельцах скрывали, выдвигаемые гипотезы не сообщались руководству клиники, что исключило возможные ошибки, а также конфликт интересов. Для исследования выбрали анализ эпидемиологической обстановки в г. Ростове-на-Дону по уровню заболеваемости и смертности от парвовирусного энтерита на примере ветеринарной больницы «Энимал Клиник», волонтёрских организаций, фондов помощи бездомным животным, некоммерческой организации «Собачий патруль», который интерполирован на эпидемиологическую обстановку в городе в целом.</p><p>Изучение случаев парвовирусного энтерита собак, эпидемиологии данного заболевания и методов борьбы с ним, лечения, профилактики и перспективных разработок в этой области проводили на основе научных данных за последние 5 лет. Объектом исследования являлись собаки разных пород и возраста, поступившие в клинику.</p><p>Результаты исследований и обсуждение. Установленная филогенетическая взаимосвязь дивергентного штамма CPV-2b с его генетическим штаммом-предком CPV-2c указывает на полную замену циркулирующих штаммов, что имеет практическое значение для ветеринарной науки, так как позволяет не только формировать модель заболевания в определенном регионе, но и оценить скорость и особенности распространения, а также прогнозировать течение и смертность.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Парвовирусный энтерит в южном регионе является тяжелым и жизнеугрожающим заболеванием, что обусловливается как уровнем заболеваемости в целом, так и уровнем смертности.</p><p>Результаты статистического анализа 307 карт собак с диагнозом парвовирусный энтерит в ряде ветеринарных клиник г. Ростова-на-Дону позволили установить в два раза более частую гибель кобелей, чем сук при относительно одинаковом распределении количества случаев заболевания, исключая лишь интервал 30–90 дней из-за отсутствия установленного статистически значимого различия смертности. Отдельный локальный всплеск уровня смертности более 36 %, не коррелирующий ни со снижением числа заболевших в этот период, ни со средним уровнем смертельных исходов, указывает на необходимость корреляции иммунного статуса больных, применяемых протоколов лечения и проникновения штамма CPV-2c, обладающего бóльшей вирулентностью на территории Европы (2015–2017 гг.) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>] и европейской части России.</p><p>Анализируя данные возраст-число заболевших, корреляцию выполняли с всплеском случаев в возрасте около 1 года. Вакцинация снижала уровень заболеваемости среди собак и тяжести заболевания у заразившихся, но в то же время увеличивала число мутаций в геноме вируса (особенно в генах, отвечающих за кодирование белка, контролирующего связывание с рецепторами клеток-реципиентов [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]), что, в свою очередь, приводило к повышению вирулентности.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The canine parvoviral enteritis, first detected in 1978 [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit1">1</xref>], remains a widespread cause of morbidity and mortality in young dogs. The virus high virulence and resistance are attributed to its ability to mutate and undergo changes, that partly explains the continuing epidemic of the canine parvoviral enteritis.</p><p>The nature of the disease itself got modified since the first time of virus detection. Although the initial outbreaks had the panzootic character implying high morbidity and mortality, nowadays the majority of adult dogs have either vaccinal immunity or immunity acquired through natural infection, thus the parvoviral infection is primarily manifested in young dogs aged from weaning to six months old as the enteric disease form.</p><p>The objective of the study was to investigate the antigenic essence of the canine parvoviral enteritis by analysing the strain phylogenetic relationships in the absence of grouping the same antigenic type viruses upon emerging the mutations.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The material for the study was selected by the method of continuous sampling of the medical records (by generating random numbers in the range of 1–255) and conducting interviews with the personnel (veterinary doctors) at the «Animal Clinic» veterinary hospital in Rostov-on-Don from September 2017 to October 2022. Data on the dog owners was concealed, hypotheses were not communicated to the clinic management, that excluded possible errors and conflict of interest. The study focused on the analysis of the epidemiological situation in Rostov-on-Don with regard to the canine parvoviral enteritis incidence and mortality rate, the analysis was based on the practices of the «Animal Clinic» veterinary hospital, volunteer organisations, homeless animal care foundations and «Dog Patrol» nonprofit organisation and was interpolated to the epidemiological situation in the city as a whole.</p><p>The study of the canine parvoviral enteritis cases, the disease epidemiology and its combat methods, treatment, prophylaxis and the cutting-edge developments in the field was carried out based on the scientific data of the last 5 years. The objects of the study were dogs of various breeds and ages admitted to the clinic.</p></sec><sec><title>Results and Discussion</title><p>Results and Discussion. The established phylogenetic interrelation of the divergent CPV-2b strain with the alike genetic strain-ancestor CPV-2c, indicates a complete replacement of the circulating strains, which has practical value for the veterinary science as it does not merely enable formation of a disease model for a specific region but also allows evaluating the speed and features of spreading the disease and predicting its course and mortality.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusion</title><p>Conclusion. For the southern region the parvoviral enteritis is a severe and life-threatening disease due to the rates of its overall incidence and mortality. The results of the statistical analysis of 307 medical records of the dogs diagnosed with the parvoviral enteritis in a number of Rostov-on-Don veterinary clinics revealed twice as high mortality rate in male dogs compared to females, although the distribution of the number of disease cases was relatively equal, except for the range of 30-90 days when a statistically significant difference in mortality was not registered. A separate local surge in mortality rate by over 36 %, which is not correlated either with the reduced number of cases during this period or the average level of fatal outcomes, indicates the need to correlate the patients’ immune status with the applied treatment protocols and the CPV-2c strain penetration, having the higher virulence in Europe (in 2015–2017) [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit2">2</xref>] and the European part of Russia.</p><p>When analysing the «age-number of cases» data, the correlation was made with the surge in patients at the age of about 1 year old. The vaccination reduced the incidence rate in dogs and disease severity in those infected, but at the same time increased the mutation numbers in the virus genome (especially in the genes encoding the protein responsible for binding to the receptor cells [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="cit3">3</xref>]), which in turn led to increased virulence.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>кровь</kwd><kwd>собаки</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>парвовирусный энтерит</kwd><kwd>ретроспективный анализ</kwd><kwd>вирус</kwd><kwd>симптомы</kwd><kwd>миокардит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>blood</kwd><kwd>dogs</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>parvoviral enteritis</kwd><kwd>retrospective analysis</kwd><kwd>virus</kwd><kwd>symptoms</kwd><kwd>myocarditis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmichael L.E. 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