vetpatolВетеринарная патологияRussian Journal of Veterinary Pathology2949-4826Don State Technical University10.23947/2949-4826-2023-22-3-32-44vetpatol-1921Research ArticleПАТОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯANIMAL PATHOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGYРазработка устройства для оценки эмоционального состояния собак-компаньонов на основе анализа вокализаций при тревожности и лаеDevelopment of a Device for Assessing the Emotional State of Companion Dogs Based on the Analysis of Vocalizations Associated with Anxiety and BarkingАвиловА. В.AvilovA. V.

Авилов Алексей Васильевич, доцент кафедры «Приборостроение и биомедицинская инженерия», доцент факультета Института опережающих технологий «Школа Х», кандидат технических наук,

344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1.

Alexey V. Avilov, Cand.Sci.(Engineering), Associate Professor of the Instrument and Biomedical Engineering Department and Institute of Advanced Technologies “School X”, 

1, Gagarin Sq., Rostovon-Don, 344003.

znakav@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-4374-9244ФоминаА. С.FominaA. S.

Фомина Анна Сергеевна, доцент кафедры «Биология и общая патология»,

344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1.

Anna S. Fomina, Associate Professor of the Biology and General Pathology Department,

1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003.

a_bogun@mail.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-4825СкубакП. Г.SkubakP. G.

Скубак Павел Геннадьевич, научный сотрудник научно-исследовательской лаборатории «Интеллектуальные электрические сельскохозяйственные машины и комплексы» ресурсного центра робототехники,

344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1.

Pavel G. Skubak, Researcher of the Research Laboratory “Intelligent Electric Agricultural Machines and Complexes” of the Robotics Resource Center,

1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003.

pskubak@donstu.ruКрахмалевТ. К.KrakhmalevT. K.

Крахмалев Тихон Константинович, студент кафедры «Биология и общая патология»,

344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1.

Tikhon K. Krakhmalev, Student of the Biology and General Pathology Department,

1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003.

Tvoidth@yandex.ruhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9834-3989ЕрмаковА. М.ErmakovA. M.

Ермаков Алексей Михайлович, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры «Биология и общая патология», декан факультета «Биоинженерия и ветеринарная медицина»,

344003, г. Ростовна-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1.

Alexey M. Ermakov, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor of the Biology and General Pathology Department, Dean of the Bioengineering and Veterinary Medicine Faculty,

1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003.

amermakov@yandex.ruДонской государственный технический университетРоссияDon State Technical UniversityRussian Federation2023200920232233244Copyright © Авилов А.В., Фомина А.С., Скубак П.Г., Крахмалев Т.К., Ермаков А.М., 20232023Авилов А.В., Фомина А.С., Скубак П.Г., Крахмалев Т.К., Ермаков А.М.Avilov A.V., Fomina A.S., Skubak P.G., Krakhmalev T.K., Ermakov A.M.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1921Введение

Введение. Поведение собак, их социализация, взаимодействие с человеком являются ключевыми факторами при оценке рисков увеличения количества инцидентов, связанных с развитием у них тревожности. Прежде всего, недостаточность знаний о причинах проблемного поведения животных и высокая индивидуальная вариабельность поведенческих паттернов определяют актуальность данной работы. Кроме того, разные методы практикующих специалистов, отсутствие данных об учете взаимовлияния владельцев и животных приводит к некорректному формированию разнородной информации о выявлении и коррекции проблемного поведения собак-компаньонов. Цель авторов данной статьи — разработка устройства для регистрации тревожного и агрессивного поведения собак с помощью анализа интервалограмм и спектрограмм вокализаций.

Материалы и методы

Материалы и методы. Записи вокализаций собак (250 записей) были получены в результате наблюдений авторов в городе Ростове-на-Дону в период с весны по осень 2021 года. Повышения интенсивности сигнала регистрировались с помощью датчика шума или микрофона. Амплитуда и длительность сигнала определялись с помощью микроконтроллера. Для написания программы и прошивки микроконтроллера использовалась среда программирования Arduino Software (IDE). В программе были использованы таймеры, которые позволяют рассчитывать количество миллисекунд от начала и до конца события, а также применялись счетчики количества событий за определенный момент времени.

Результаты исследования

Результаты исследования. Разработана и описана структурная схема устройства для регистрации и классификации вокализаций собак как маркер тревожности поведения. Предложен алгоритм для оценки типа деятельности животного при вокализации. Разработан прототип устройства, позволяющего на основе расчета и анализа интервалограмм вокализаций определять и отправлять в телеграм-бот информацию о тревожности собаки, данные об активности животного и температуре окружающего воздуха.

Обсуждение и заключение

Обсуждение и заключение. Значение данной разработки определяется созданием прототипа программно-аппаратного комплекса, обеспечивающего объективный анализ информации об изменениях в поведении собак в режиме реального времени. Применение комплекса позволяет оценить поведение собак и дать возможность получить новые данные о вероятности возникновения нарушений поведения животных, обусловленных высоким уровнем тревожности. Комплекс может выступать прототипом для создания систем отслеживания и идентификации поведения других видов животных, в т. ч. в условиях города.

Introduction

Introduction. Canine behaviour, socialization and interaction of dogs with humans are the key factors to be assessed among the risks inducing the increase of incidents related with development of anxiety in dogs. First of all, the lack of knowledge about the reasons of problem behaviour in animals and the high individual variability of behavioural patterns explain the relevance of this work. Moreover, the different methods used by the practitioners and absence of traceability of the owneranimal interaction record lead to the incorrect accumulation of diverse information about the identification and correction of companion dogs’ problem behaviour. The authors of this article aimed to develop a device for registering anxious and aggressive behaviour in dogs by analysing the intervalograms and spectrograms of vocalizations.

Materials and Methods

Materials and Methods. The recordings of canine vocalizations (250 recordings) were obtained as a result of authors' observations carried out in Rostov-on-Don in the period from spring to autumn 2021. The growth of signal intensity was detected by a noise sensor or microphone. The amplitude and duration of the signal were determined by a microcontroller. The Arduino Integrated Development Environment (IDE) was used for writing a programme and flashing the microcontroller. The timers calculating the number of milliseconds from the beginning to the end of an event were implemented in the programme, also, the counters measuring the number of the events within a certain period of time were used.

Results

Results. A flowchart of the device for registering and classifying canine vocalizations, which are considered to be the behavioural anxiety markers, has been developed and described. The algorithm for assessing the type of animal activity during vocalization has been suggested. The device prototype has been developed, which enables determination and sending to a Telegram chat bot the data on dog’s anxiety and activity, as well as on the ambient temperature, based on the calculation and analysis of the vocalizations intervalograms.

Discussion and Conclusion. The significance of the present development lies in creation of the hardware and software complex prototype that provides the unbiased analysis of the information about changes in canine behaviour in the real time. The implementation of this complex makes it possible to assess the canine behaviour and provides the opportunity to obtain the new data on probability of behavioural disorders in animals caused by a high level of anxiety. The complex can serve as a prototype for creating the systems for tracking and identifying other animal species’ behaviour (including in the urban settings).

устройствовокализациялайчастотасобакатревожное поведениеdevicevocalizationbarkingfrequencydoganxious behaviourСтатья подготовлена при финансовой поддержке гранта для реализации научно-исследовательских проектов, выполняемых под руководством молодых ученых ДГТУ «Наука-2030» (2022–2023 г.).Financial support for preparing the article was provided in the frame of DSTU grant “Science-2030” (2022–2023) for implementation of the research projects carried out under the supervision of young scientists.ReferencesTiira K., Lohi H. Reliability and Validity of a Questionnaire Survey in Canine Anxiety Research. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2014;155:82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2014.03.007Tiira K, Lohi H. Reliability and Validity of a Questionnaire Survey in Canine Anxiety Research. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2014;155:82–92. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2014.03.007Tiira K., Sulkama S., Lohi H. Prevalence, Comorbidity, and Behavioral Variation in Canine Anxiety. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.