<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2023-22-4-12-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-1933</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ИНФЕКЦИОННЫЕ БОЛЕЗНИ И ИММУНОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Антигенная активность штамма «Рич» вируса коронавирусного энтерита собак в опытах с кроликами, хорьками и морскими свинками</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Antigenic Activity of Canine Enteric Coronavirus Strain "Rich" in Experiments with Rabbits, Ferrets and Guinea Pigs</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-4423</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Комарова</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komarova</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Комарова Анна Александровна, аспирант, ведущий ветеринарный врач отдела профилактики болезней мелких домашних животных</p><p>600901, РФ, г. Владимир, микрорайон Юрьевец</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna A. Komarova, PhD Student, Leading Veterinarian of the Small Companion Animal Diseases Prevention Department</p><p>Microdistrict Yuryevets, Vladimir, 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">komarova_aa@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2212-0375</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Галкина</surname><given-names>Т. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Galkina</surname><given-names>T. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Галкина Татьяна Сергеевна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий отделом профилактики болезней мелких домашних животных</p><p>600901, РФ, г. Владимир, микрорайон Юрьевец</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana S. Galkina, Cand.Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Head of the Small Companion Animal Diseases Prevention Department</p><p>Microdistrict Yuryevets, Vladimir, 600901</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">galkina_ts@arriah.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральный центр охраны здоровья животных</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal Centre for Animal Health</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>22</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>12</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Комарова А.А., Галкина Т.С., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Комарова А.А., Галкина Т.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Komarova A.A., Galkina T.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1933">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1933</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Коронавирусный энтерит собак — распространенная инфекция, особенно опасная для щенков до 12 недель, содержащихся в приютах и питомниках. Возбудитель Alphacoronavirus 1 обладает высокой мутационной изменчивостью. Зарубежные источники неоднократно сообщали о выделении и изучении новых штаммов коронавирусной инфекции собак, в том числе пантропных, вызывающих системную патологию и гибель животных. В этом случае выпускаемые вакцины недостаточно эффективны. Представленное исследование призвано обосновать одно из решений проблемы. Цель работы — оценить антигенный потенциал штамма «Рич» вируса коронавирусного энтерита собак с точки зрения его надежности при включении в состав ассоциированных вакцин против вирусных болезней собак.Материалы и методы. В работе использовали очищенную культуральную суспензию штамма «Рич» вируса коронавирусного энтерита собак с титром инфекционной активности 4,0±0,25 lg ТЦД50/см3 (ТЦД — тканевые цитопатогенные дозы). Антигенные свойства изучали на лабораторных животных: кроликах, хорьках и морских свинках. Титр вируснейтрализующих антител к вирусу коронавирусного энтерита собак в сыворотках крови подопытных животных определяли посредством реакции нейтрализации с рабочей дозой вируса 100 ТЦД50/см3 в культуре клеток почки кошки. Материал получили из сектора культуры клеток Федерального центра охраны здоровья животных.Результаты исследования. У изначально серонегативных к вирусу животных через 7 суток после однократного введения суспензии штамма «Рич» вируса коронавирусного энтерита собак фиксируется прирост титра вируснейтрализующих антител (ВНА) к CCoV. С течением времени его уровень увеличивается и достигает максимального значения на 21-е сутки. Средний показатель в группе кроликов — 4,08±0,36 log2 SN50, хорьков — 3,72±0,35 log2 SN50 и 3,77±0,63 log2 SN50, морских свинок — 4,12±0,34 log2 SN50. Затем значения титра вируснейтрализующих антител уменьшаются, однако остаются на довольно высоком уровне в течение 35 суток (время наблюдения). При этом физиологическое состояние животных не меняется.Обсуждение и заключение. Итоги опытов в целом согласуются с выводами других авторов. Новые результаты получены при изучении антигенных свойств штамма на хорьках. Введенный им штамм показал выраженную антигенную активность и не вызывал общей или местной патологической ответной реакции организма. «Рич» перспективен для дальнейшего изучения и может быть включен в состав ассоциированных вакцин против вирусных болезней собак и других животных.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Canine enteric coronavirus is a widespread infection, especially dangerous for the puppies of up to 12 weeks old kept in shelters and breeding kennels. The causative agent Alphacoronavirus 1 has a high mutational variability. Foreign sources have repeatedly reported on the isolation and study of the new strains of canine coronavirus infection, including the pantropic ones, causing systemic pathology and death of animals. In this regard, the currently produced vaccines are not effective enough. The present research is intended to substantiate one of the solutions to the problem. The aim of the work is to evaluate the antigenic potential of the canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich” in terms of its reliability for being included in the combined vaccines against canine viral diseases.Materials and Methods. A purified suspension culture of the canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich” with the infectivity titers 4.0±0.25 lg TCID50/cm3 (TCID — Tissue Culture Infectious Dose) was used in the work. Antigenic properties were studied in laboratory animals: rabbits, ferrets and guinea pigs. The virus neutralising antibody titers for the canine enteric coronavirus in the blood serum of the experimental animals was determined by a neutralisation test using the “standard” viral dose of 100 TCID50/cm3 in the feline kidney cell culture. The material for the test was obtained from the Cell Culture Bank of the Federal Centre for Animal Health.Results. In animals initially seronegative to the virus, an increase in the CCoV virus-neutralising antibodies (VNA) titers has been recorded 7 days after a single injection of the suspension of the canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich”. Over the time, the level has been increasing and has reached its maximum value on the 21st day. The mean value in the group of rabbits has been 4.08±0.36 log2 SN50, ferrets — 3.72±0.35 log2 SN50 and 3.77±0.63 log2 SN50, guinea pigs — 4.12±0.34 log2 SN50. Then the values of the virus neutralising antibody titers have decreased, but remained at a fairly high level for 35 days (observation time). At the same time, the physiological state of the animals has not changed.Discussion and Conclusion. In general, the results of the experiments are consistent with the conclusions of the other authors. New data has been obtained by studying the antigenic properties of the strain in ferrets. The strain injected into them has demonstrated the clearly expressed antigenic activity and did not cause a general or local pathological response of the body. The “Rich” is promising for further study and can be included in the combined vaccines against canine and other animal viral diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коронавирусный энтерит собак</kwd><kwd>штамм «Рич» вируса коронавирусного энтерита собак</kwd><kwd>вакцины против вирусных болезней собак</kwd><kwd>титр вируснейтрализующих антител к CCoV</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>canine enteric coronavirus</kwd><kwd>canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich”</kwd><kwd>vaccines against canine viral diseases</kwd><kwd>CCoV virus neutralising antibody titers</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Evermann J.F., Abbott J.R., Han S. Canine Coronavirus-Associated Puppy Mortality without Evidence of Concurrent Canine Parvovirus Infection. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2005;17(6):610–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700618</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Evermann JF, Abbott JR, Han S. Canine Coronavirus-Associated Puppy Mortality without Evidence of Concurrent Canine Parvovirus Infection. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2005;17(6):610–614. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063870501700618</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pratelli A., Tempesta M., Roperto F.P., Sagazio P., Carmichael L., Buonavoglia C. Fatal Coronavirus Infection in Puppies Following Canine Parvovirus 2b Infection. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 1999;11(6):550–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879901100615</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pratelli A, Tempesta M, Roperto FP, Sagazio P, Carmichael L, Buonavoglia C. Fatal Coronavirus Infection in Puppies Following Canine Parvovirus 2b Infection. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 1999;11(6):550–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/104063879901100615</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Decaro N., Buonavoglia C. An Update on Canine Coronaviruses: Viral Evolution and Pathobiology. Veterinary Microbiology. 2008;132(3–4):221–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decaro N, Buonavoglia C. An Update on Canine Coronaviruses: Viral Evolution and Pathobiology. Veterinary Microbiology. 2008;132(3–4):221–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2008.06.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Decaro N., Camero M., Greco G., Zizzo N., Tinelli A., Campolo M, et al. Canine Distemper and Related Diseases: Report of a Severe Outbreak in a Kennel. New Microbiologica. 2004;27(2):177–181.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decaro N, Camero M, Greco G, Zizzo N, Tinelli A, Campolo M, et al. Canine Distemper and Related Diseases: Report of a Severe Outbreak in a Kennel. New Microbiologica. 2004;27(2):177–181.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sanchez-Morgado J.M., Poynter S., Morris T.H. Molecular Characterization of a Virulent Canine Coronavirus BGF Strain. Virus Research. 2004;104(1):27–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.038</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sanchez-Morgado JM, Poynter S, Morris TH. Molecular Characterization of a Virulent Canine Coronavirus BGF Strain. Virus Research. 2004;104(1):27–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2004.02.038</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Escutenaire S., Isaksson M., Renström L.H., Klingeborn B., Buonavoglia C., Berg M., et al. Characterization of Divergent and Atypical Canine Coronaviruses from Sweden. Archives of Virology. 2007;152(8):1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-0986-1</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Escutenaire S, Isaksson M, Renström LH, Klingeborn B, Buonavoglia C, Berg M, et al. Characterization of Divergent and Atypical Canine Coronaviruses from Sweden. Archives of Virology. 2007;152(8):1507–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00705-007-0986-1</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Buonavoglia C., Decaro N., Martella V., Elia G., Campolo M., Desario C., et al. Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006;12(3):492–494. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1203.050839</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Buonavoglia C, Decaro N, Martella V, Elia G. Campolo M, Desario C, et al. Canine Coronavirus Highly Pathogenic for Dogs. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2006;12(3):492–494. https://doi.org/10.3201/eid1203.050839</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Decaro N., Martella V., Elia G., Campolo M., Desario C., Cirone F., et al. Molecular Characterisation of the Virulent Canine Coronavirus CB/05 Strain. Virus Research. 2007;125(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2006.12.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Decaro N, Martella V, Elia G, Campolo M, Desario C, Cirone F, et al. Molecular Characterisation of the Virulent Canine Coronavirus CB/05 Strain. Virus Research. 2007;125(1):54–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2006.12.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pratelli A., Elia G., Martella V., Tinelli A., Decaro N., Marsilio F., et al. M Gene Evolution of Canine Coronavirus in Naturally Infected Dogs. Veterinary Record. 2002;151(25):758–761.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pratelli A, Elia G, Martella V, Tinelli A, Decaro N, Marsilio F, et al. M Gene Evolution of Canine Coronavirus in Naturally Infected Dogs. Veterinary Record. 2002;151(25):758–761.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Licitra B.N., Duhamel G.E., Whittaker G.R. Canine Enteric Coronaviruses: Emerging Viral Pathogens with Distinct Recombinant Spike Proteins. Viruses. 2014;6(8):3363–3376. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6083363</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Licitra BN, Duhamel GE, Whittaker GR. Canine Enteric Coronaviruses: Emerging Viral Pathogens with Distinct Recombinant Spike Proteins. Viruses. 2014;6(8):3363–3376. https://doi.org/10.3390/v6083363</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pratelli A. High-cell-passage canine coronavirus vaccine providing sterilising immunity. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2007;48(10):574–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00416.x</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pratelli A. High-Cell-Passage Canine Coronavirus Vaccine Providing Sterilising Immunity. Journal of Small Animal Practice. 2007;48(10):574–578. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5827.2007.00416.x</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ольшанская А. А. Биологические свойства и диагностика коронавирусного энтерита собак. Автореф. дис. канд. биол. наук. Москва; 1997. 28 с.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olshanskaya AA. Biological Properties and Diagnosis of Canine Coronavirus Enteritis. Extended Abstract of Cand.Sci. (Biology) Dissertation. Moscow; 1997. 28 p. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
