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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2024-23-2-31-40</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">KZGBFK</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-1983</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL PATHOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Установление взаимосвязи между лабораторными показателями в оси «почки-кишечник» у кошек с признаками трипельфосфатного уролитиаза</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Establishing the Interrelations of the Laboratory Parameters in the Gut-Kidney Axis in Cats with Signs of Triple Phosphate Urolithiasis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8634-268X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ушакова</surname><given-names>Т. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ushakova</surname><given-names>T. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Михайловна Ушакова - кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой терапии и пропедевтики.</p><p>346493, Ростовская область, Октябрьский р-н, пос. Персиановский, ул. Кривошлыкова, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana M. Ushakova - Cand.Sci. (Veterinary Sciences), Associate Professor, Head of the Therapy and Propedeutics Department.</p><p>24, Krivoshlykov St., Persianovsky Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Rostov Region, 346493</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">tanja_0802@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5361-6656</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дерезина</surname><given-names>Т. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Derezina</surname><given-names>T. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Татьяна Николаевна Дерезина - доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биологии и общей патологии.</p><p>344003, Ростовская область, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tatyana N. Derezina - Dr.Sci. (Veterinary Sciences), Professor, Head of the Biology and General Pathology Department.</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, Rostov region, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">derezinasovet@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0425-7200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Чичиленко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chichilenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виталий Сергеевич Чичиленко – аспирант.</p><p>346493, Ростовская область, Октябрьский р-н, пос. Персиановский, ул. Кривошлыкова, 24</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitaly S. Chichilenko - PhD Student.</p><p>24, Krivoshlykov St., Persianovsky Settlement, Oktyabrsky District, Rostov Region, 346493</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">chichilenko.vitaliy@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>31</fpage><lpage>40</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Ушакова Т.М., Дерезина Т.Н., Чичиленко В.С., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Ушакова Т.М., Дерезина Т.Н., Чичиленко В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Ushakova T.M., Derezina T.N., Chichilenko V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1983">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/1983</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эффективное лечение уролитиаза кошек во многом зависит от ранней диагностики заболевания, однако диагностический алгоритм этого вида патологии крайне ограничен в силу разных причин, в частности, он не учитывает наличие взаимосвязи в оси «почки-кишечник». Анализ функционального состояния гастроинтестинальной системы и состава микробиоты кишечника может повысить диагностический потенциал при уролитиазе, предсказать риск, улучшить прогноз и выбрать правильную стратегию лечения. Целью данной публикации является установление взаимосвязи между лабораторными показателями в оси «почки-кишечник» у кошек при мочекаменной болезни струвитного типа с признаками цистолитиаза.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Объектом исследований были беспородные кошки, больные трипельфосфатным уролитиазом с признаками цистолитиаза: в опытной 1-й группе — самки; в опытной 2-й группе — кастрированные самцы; в контрольной группе — клинически здоровые животные обоих полов. Лабораторно-клинические исследования больных животных включали: ультрасонографию органов брюшной полости; макроскопическое и биохимическое исследование мочи; микроскопию мочевого осадка и бактериологический посев мочи без определения чувствительности к антибиотикам; макроскопическое, микроскопическое и простое химическое исследование свежевыделенного кала; бактериологический посев ректальных смывов без определения чувствительности к антибиотикам.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. На фоне жизнедеятельности грамнегативных микроорганизмов Escherichia coli (0,03±0,01×106 КОЕ и 1,00±0,03×106 КОЕ) и грампозитивных микроорганизмов Staphilococcus intermedius (1,05±0,07×106 КОЕ и 1,00±0,08×107 КОЕ) в моче кошек опытных групп в поле зрения микроскопа отмечалось: защелачивание, развитие гиперстенурии, протеинурии, гиперкальциурии, гематурии, в том числе микрогематурии и лейкоцитурии, кристаллурии. Результаты копрологических исследований у больных кошек свидетельствовали о наличии стеркобелина, мышечных волокон хорошо переваренных, клетчатки непереваренной и переваренной, крахмала внеклеточного и внутриклеточного, а также примесей непищевого происхождения (шерсть). Данные микробиологического исследования кала указывали на рост Escherichia coli (1,00±0,05×105 КОЕ и 1,04±0,08×107 КОЕ). На фоне цистолитиаза акустическая картина органов гастроинтестинальной системы у подопытных животных характеризовалась гиперэхогенностью капсулы и паренхимы печени, неоднородностью рисунка.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Установленный характер изменений лабораторных показателей подопытных — в частности, рост уровня белка и креатинина в моче и кишечной палочки в кале — доказал наличие патогенетической связи между поражением мочеполовой системы грамотрицательными микроорганизмами и микробиотой кишечника в оси «почки-кишечник». Полученные нами результаты исследования мочи больных животных указывали на инфицирование мочеполового тракта уреазопродуцирующими микроорганизмами, что привело к защелачиванию мочи и формированию инфекционных камней струвитного типа. Уролитиаз, в свою очередь, оказал влияние на микробиом кишечника в силу топографической близости урогенитального и гастроинтестинального трактов: исследования кала у подопытных кошек подтверждали расстройство функциональной активности гастроинтестинальной системы вследствие дисбиотических процессов в толстом отделе кишечника.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Efficient treatment of the feline urolithiasis much depends on the early diagnosis of the disease, however, the diagnostic algorithm of this type of pathology is extremely poor due to the various reasons, in particular, it does not take into account the interrelations in the gut-kidney axis. Analysis of the state of gastrointestinal tract functioning and the composition of the gut microbiota can improve the potential of diagnosing the urolithiasis, predict the risk, improve the prognosis and choose the correct treatment strategy. The aim of this publication is to establish the interrelations of the laboratory parameters in the gut-kidney axis in cats with struvite urolithiasis with the signs of cystolithiasis.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The objects of the research were the outbred cats with the triple phosphate urolithiasis with the signs of cystolithiasis: 1st experimental group — females; 2nd experimental group — neutered males; the control group — clinically healthy animals of both sexes. The laboratory and clinical examinations of sick animals included: ultrasonography of abdominal organs; macroscopic and biochemical urine tests; microscopy of urine sediment and urine culture test without determination of antibiotic sensitivity; macroscopic, microscopic and simple chemical examinations of freshly excreted feces; bacteriological culture test of rectal flushes without determination of antibiotic sensitivity.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the urine of cats of the experimental groups, under the activity of gram-negative microorganisms Escherichia coli (0.03±0.01×106 CFU (colony forming units) and 1.00±0.03×106 CFU) and gram-positive microorganisms Staphilococcus intermedius (1.05±0.07×106 CFU and 1.00±0.08×107 CFU) there were recorded within the microscope field of view: alkalization, development of hypersthenuria, proteinuria, hypercalciuria, hematuria, including microhematuria and leukocyturia, crystalluria. The results of coprological examinations in sick cats indicated the presence of stercobilin, well-digested muscle fibres, undigested and digested cellulose, extracellular and intracellular starch, as well as impurities of non-food origin (wool). The data of microbiological examinations of feces indicated the growth of Escherichia coli (1.00±0.05×105 CFU and 1.04±0.08×107 CFU). Along with the cystolytiasis, the acoustic shadowing of the gastrointestinal tract organs in the experimental animals revealed the hyperechogenicity of liver capsule and parenchyma and heterogeneity of the pattern.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. The revealed character of the laboratory parameter changes in the experimental animals, such as the increase of protein and creatinine levels in urine and growth of Escherichia coli in feces, proved the existence of the pathogenetic relationship between the urogenital tract lesion caused by the gram-negative microorganisms and the gut microbiota in the gut-kidney axis. The results of our study of the sick animals’ urine indicated on the infection of the urogenital tract with the urease-producing microorganisms, which led to the alkalization of urine and formation of the infection struvite stones. Urolithiasis, in turn, had an impact on the gut microbiome due to the topographic proximity of the urogenital and gastrointestinal tracts: examination of feces in cats of the experimental group had confirmed the disorder of gastrointestinal tract functioning due to dysbiotic processes in the large intestine.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>уролитиаз</kwd><kwd>цистолитиаз</kwd><kwd>ось «почки-кишечник»</kwd><kwd>микробиом</kwd><kwd>микробиота</kwd><kwd>кошки</kwd><kwd>копрограмма</kwd><kwd>бактериологический посев мочи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>urolithiasis</kwd><kwd>cystolithiasis</kwd><kwd>gut-kidney axis</kwd><kwd>microbiome</kwd><kwd>microbiota</kwd><kwd>cats</kwd><kwd>coprogram</kwd><kwd>bacteriological urine culture test</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Filipska A, Bohdan B, Wieczorek PP, Hudz N. 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