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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2024-23-3-25-34</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">CNDHGC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2002</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL PATHOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Причины и диагностическая значимость кашля у собак, больных эндокардиозом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Causes and Diagnostic Significance of Coughing in Dogs with Endocardiosis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7247-9266</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карташов</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartashov</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Карташов, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры биологии и общей патологии </p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Kartashov, Dr.Sci.(Biology), Professor of the Biology and General Pathology Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kartashovsn@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>M. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Марина Алексеевна Петрова, аспирант кафедры биологии и общей патологии </p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Marina A. Petrova, PhD Student of the Biology and General Pathology Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">petrovam@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бутенков</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Butenkov</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александр Иванович Бутенков, доктор ветеринарных наук, директор </p><p>346500, г. Шахты, проспект Победы Революции, д. 115г</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexander I. Butenkov, Dr.Sci. (Veterinary), Director </p><p>115g, Pobeda Revolyutsii Ave., Shakhty, 346500</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">butencov@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Карташова</surname><given-names>А. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kartashova</surname><given-names>A. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Сергеевна Карташова, студент кафедры биологии и общей патологии </p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Alexandra S. Kartashova, Student of the Biology and General Pathology Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kartashova40@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Храмова</surname><given-names>В. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khramova</surname><given-names>V. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Валентина Николаевна Храмова, доктор биологических наук, профессор, декан факультета технологии пищевых производств </p><p>400005, г. Волгоград, пр. им. Ленина, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Valentina N. Khramova, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor, Dean of the Faculty of Food Production Technology</p><p>28, Lenin Ave., Volgograd, 400005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hramova_vn@vstu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru">Донской государственный технический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Don State Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru">Сеть ветеринарных клиник «Вита» Ростовской области<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Network of Rostov Region Veterinary Clinics “Vita”<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru">Волгоградский государственный технический университет<country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en">Volgograd State Technical University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>09</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>25</fpage><lpage>34</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Карташов С.Н., Петрова М.А., Бутенков А.И., Карташова А.С., Храмова В.Н., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Карташов С.Н., Петрова М.А., Бутенков А.И., Карташова А.С., Храмова В.Н.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Kartashov S.N., Petrova M.A., Butenkov A.I., Kartashova A.S., Khramova V.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2002">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2002</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Эндокардиоз — наиболее распространенное приобретенное заболевание сердца у собак мелких пород, характеризуется клапанной дегенерацией, приводящей к недостаточности митрального клапана. Прогрессирование митральной регургитации приводит к ремоделированию сердца, повышению давления наполнения левого желудочка, развитию легочной гипертензии и как финал — дисфункции миокарда. Снижение толерантности к физической нагрузке, одышка, анорексия и кашель — наиболее часто описываемые симптомы при эндокардиозе у собак. Кашель часто называют основным клиническим признаком застойной сердечной недостаточности у собак с эндокаридозом. Сопутствующее заболевание дыхательных путей и сдавление левого главного бронха большим левым предсердием также были предложены в качестве потенциальных причин кашля у этих пациентов. Однако отсутствие облегчения кашля у собак с эндокардиозом при лечении сенситизаторами кальция и регистрируемом улучшении систолической функции сердца ставит под сомнение кардиогенную природу кашля при эндокардиозе. Другими словами, клиническая и диагностическая значимость кашля у собак при эндокардиозе недостаточно изучена. Цель исследования — выяснение частоты встречаемости кашля у собак с эндокардиозом и установление патогномоничности этого симптома при эндокардоизе, его клиническое значение.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Были проанализированы истории болезни 49 собак, направленных на кардиологическое обследование в ветеринарные клиники сети «Вита» (Ростовская область) в период с 01.09.2021 по 31.07.2024. Исследование осуществлялось с использованием следующего оборудования: ультразвуковой сканер премиумкласса с улучшенным качеством изображения на платформе ZST+ Mindray Vetus 9, ветеринарная рентгенографическая цифровая DR-система Maxivet 400, компьютерный электрокардиограф «Поли-Спектр-8/В».</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Проведенное исследование позволило нам выяснить следующее: несмотря на то, что кардиомегалия и увеличение размеров левого желудочка при эндокардиозе могут утяжелить и усилить клиническое проявление кашля у собак с дегенеративными заболеваниями верхних дыхательным путей, они не являются необходимым условием возникновения кашля. Кашель у собак при эндокардиозе следует рассматривать как клинический признак сопутствующего воспалительного или дегенеративного заболевания верхних дыхательных путей, что должно учитываться при терапии и попытке улучшить качество жизни этих животных.</p></sec><sec><title>Заключение</title><p>Заключение. Нами установлено, что только 57 % собак с клинически выраженным эндокардиозом страдают кашлем, при этом кашель не носит однородный характер. У собак с кардиогенным отеком легких кашель негромкий, носит, как правило, острый характер и связан с поступлением жидкости в бронх среднего и крупного калибра. Хронический громкий, сиплый кашель, усиливающийся по утрам, характерен для собак с эндокардиозом и хроническим бронхитом: у этих животных отмечается одновременное поражение бронхиального дерева неспецифическим воспалительным процессом и поражение митральных клапанов. Наиболее тяжело, с характерным громким звуком, протекает кашель у собак, страдающих элементами коллапса верхних дыхательным путей и кардиомегалией вследствие эндокардиоза.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Endocardiosis is the most widespread acquired cardiac disease in small dog breeds, characterised by the valvular degeneration leading to mitral insufficiency. Progression of mitral regurgitation leads to cardiac remodeling, increased left ventricular filling pressures, pulmonary hypertension and, eventually, myocardial dysfunction. Decreased exercise tolerance, dyspnea, anorexia, and coughing are the most often reported signs in dogs with endocardiosis. Coughing is often reported as the primary clinical sign of congestive heart failure in dogs with endocardiosis. The concomitant respiratory tract disease and compression of the left mainstem bronchus by the giant left atrium have also been suggested as the potential causes of coughing in these patients. However, the absence of relief from cough in dogs with endocardiosis when treated with calcium sensitizers and the registered improvement in systolic cardiac function makes doubtful the cardiogenic nature of coughing in endocardiosis. In other words, the clinical and diagnostic significance of coughing in dogs with endocardiosis has not been sufficiently studied. The aim of the present research is to determine the frequency of cough incidence in dogs with endocardiosis and to establish the pathognomonic nature of this symptom in endocardiosis, its clinical significance.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The medical records of 49 dogs that have attended to the veterinary clinics of the “Vita” network (Rostov region) for cardiological examination in the period from September 1, 2021 to July 31, 2024 were analysed. The research was carried out using the following equipment: premium ultrasound scanner with improved image quality on the ZST+ Mindray Vetus 9 platform, Maxivet 400 veterinary X-ray digital DR system, and Poli-Spectrum–8/V computerassisted electrocardiograph.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The research allowed us to find out the following: although the cardiomegaly and the increase in the size of the left ventricle in endocardiosis can aggravate and intensify the clinical manifestation of coughing in dogs with degenerative diseases of the upper respiratory tract, they are not the necessary condition for the occurrence of coughing. Coughing in dogs with endocardiosis should be considered as a clinical sign of the concomitant inflammatory or degenerative disease of the upper respiratory tract, which should be taken into account in therapy and in the attempt to improve the quality of life of these animals.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. We have found that only 57% of the dogs with clinically evident endocardiosis suffer from coughing, whereas it does not have the uniform nature. In dogs with cardiogenic pulmonary edema, a cough is not loud, is usually acute and is associated with the flow of fluid into the medium and large-sized bronchi. The chronic loud, hoarse cough, intensifying in the morning, is typical for dogs with endocardiosis and chronic bronchitis: these animals at the same time have the non-specific inflammatory lesion of the bronchial tree and lesion of the mitral valves. Most severe coughing, with the characteristic loud sound, is observed in dogs suffering from the elements of the upper respiratory tract collapse and cardiomegaly due to endocardiosis.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>эндокардиоз</kwd><kwd>дегенеративное заболевание митральных клапанов у собак</kwd><kwd>хронический кашель у собак</kwd><kwd>хронический бронхит и коллапс дыхательных путей у собак</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>endocardiosis</kwd><kwd>degenerative mitral valve disease in dogs</kwd><kwd>chronic coughing in dogs</kwd><kwd>chronic bronchitis and respiratory tract collapse in dogs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Илларионова В.К. Миксоматозная дегенерация митрального клапана у йоркширских терьеров. Российский ветеринарный журнал. 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