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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2024-23-4-45-51</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">AYKXEO</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2021</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патология животных, морфология, физиология, фармакология и токсикология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal pathology, morphology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Анализ биохимических показателей белкового обмена у коров голштинской породы с целью профилактики патологий репродуктивной системы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Analysis of Protein Metabolism by Biochemical Parameters in Holstein Cows for Preventing the Reproductive System Pathologies</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1421-0039</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новак</surname><given-names>М. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novak</surname><given-names>M. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Михаил Дмитриевич Новак, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры эпидемиологии</p><p>390026, г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Mikhail D. Novak, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor of the Epidemiology Department</p><p>9, Vysokovoltnaya Str., Ryazan, 390026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">peace100@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0345-7316</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новак</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novak</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Александра Ивановна Новак, доктор биологических наук, профессор кафедры микробиологии</p><p>390026, г. Рязань, ул. Высоковольтная, д. 9</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Aleksandra I. Novak, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor of the Microbiology Department</p><p>9, Vysokovoltnaya Str., Ryazan, 390026</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marieta69@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Рязанский государственный медицинский университет имени И.П. Павлова</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ryazan State Medical University Named after Academician I.P. Pavlov</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>45</fpage><lpage>51</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Новак М.Д., Новак А.И., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Новак М.Д., Новак А.И.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Novak M.D., Novak A.I.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2021">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2021</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Нарушение белкового обмена (диспротеинемия) у сухостойных и новотельных коров зачастую является осложняющим фактором при маститах и эндометритах и приводит к снижению живой массы животного. Своевременное выявление физиологических нарушений и заболеваний у высокопродуктивных животных на основе биохимического анализа крови является основой мероприятий по сохранению оптимальных показателей продуктивности стада и предотвращения экономических потерь, однако в молочных хозяйствах этой проблеме уделяется недостаточное внимание. Цель работы — проанализировать биохимические показатели белкового обмена у высокопродуктивных коров голштинской породы для своевременной профилактики диспротеинемии и патологий репродуктивной системы.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследования выполнены в условиях крупного молочного комплекса Центрального района Российской Федерации в период с марта по июнь 2019 г. Объект исследований — 45 высокопродуктивных коров голштинской породы (сухостойные, новотельные и животные в период лактации — по 15 голов в каждой группе). Для характеристики белкового обмена и воспалительных процессов в тканях и органах сухостойных и новотельных коров брали следующие биохимические показатели крови: общий белок, альбумин, глобулин, мочевина, креатинин, мочевая кислота, ферменты трансферазы — АсАТ и АлАТ. В группе животных в период лактации выполняли только клинический осмотр и специальные клинические исследования. Анализ осуществляли путем сравнения полученных результатов с физиологическими нормативными параметрами.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В сухостойный период уровень альбумина у 5 из 15 коров был меньше на 5,3–16 %, а у новотельных соответствовал нижней границе физиологических нормативных параметров. Содержание общего белка в крови новотельных коров было ниже нормы в среднем на 20–23 %. Концентрация мочевины у всех исследованных коров снижена в 1,5–2,5 раза, креатинина — повышена в 2–2,5 раза (56–89 %). Активность фермента АсАТ у 75 % сухостойных и всех новотельных коров была выше в 2–4 раза. Показатели резервной щелочности меньше физиологических нормативных параметров в 0,6–2,4 раза у всех исследованных животных.</p></sec><sec><title> Обсуждение и заключение</title><p> Обсуждение и заключение. В ходе исследования установлено, что соответствие уровня протеина в рационе биологическим потребностям организма продуктивных животных необходимо определять по концентрации в сыворотке крови общего белка и альбумина, а диспротеинемию и различные патологии репродуктивной системы — по содержанию мочевины, креатинина и активности фермента аспартатаминотрансферазы.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Protein metabolism disorder (dysproteinemia) in dry and freshly calved cows often becomes a complicating factor during mastitis and endometritis and leads to the animal's liveweight decrease. Timely detection of physiological disorders and diseases in the highly productive animals by means of a biochemical blood test is the basic method to preserve the optimal indicators of herd productivity and prevent the economic losses, however, this issue is insufficiently followed up in the dairy farms. The aim of the present research is to analyse the protein metabolism in highly productive Holstein cows by biochemical parameters for timely prevention of the dysproteinemia and pathologies of the reproductive system.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The research was carried out in the conditions of a large dairy farm in the Central district of the Russian Federation in the period from March to June 2019. The objects of the research were 45 highly productive Holstein cows (dry, freshly calved and milking cows — 15 heads in each group). To analyse the protein metabolism and inflammatory processes in the tissues and organs of dry and freshly calved cows, the following biochemical blood parameters were studied: total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, creatinine, uric acid, transferase enzymes — ASAT and ALAT. The analysis was carried out by comparing the results obtained with the normal values of physiological parameters.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In 5 out of 15 dry cows, the albumin level was 5.3–16% lower, and in freshly calved cows it corresponded to the lower limit of the physiological norm values. The total protein in the blood of the freshly calved cows was lower than normal by 20–23%, on average. The concentration of urea in blood of all cows under research was reduced by 1.5– 2.5 times, creatinine was 2–2.5 times elevated (56–89%). The ASAT enzyme activity in 75% of dry and in all freshly calved cows was 2–4 times higher. The reserve alkalinity parameter was 0,6–2,4 times less than the physiological norm values in all animals under research.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. During the research it was found that the compliance of the protein level in the diet of productive animals with the biological needs of their organisms should be determined by the concentration of total protein and albumin in the blood serum, and dysproteinemia and various pathologies of the reproductive system — by the content of urea, creatinine and activity of the aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) enzyme.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>коровы голштинской породы</kwd><kwd>сухостойные коровы</kwd><kwd>новотельные коровы</kwd><kwd>биохимические показатели крови</kwd><kwd>рацион</kwd><kwd>белковый обмен</kwd><kwd>диспротеинемия</kwd><kwd>патологии репродуктивной системы коров</kwd><kwd>мастит</kwd><kwd>эндометрит</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Holstein Cows</kwd><kwd>dry cows</kwd><kwd>freshly calved cows</kwd><kwd>biochemical blood parameters</kwd><kwd>diet</kwd><kwd>protein metabolism</kwd><kwd>dysproteinemia</kwd><kwd>mastitis</kwd><kwd>endometritis</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Омельчук А.И., Семенютин В.В., Крамарева И.А., Лавринова Е.В., Артюх В.М. 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