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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2024-23-4-67-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">QCBXCT</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2023</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инфекционные болезни и иммунология животных</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Infectious diseases and animal immunology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Бешенство на Ближнем Востоке: причины распространения, способы борьбы и меры профилактики. Обзор англоязычных источников</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Rabies in the Middle East: Causes of Spread, Methods of Control and Prophylaxis: A Review of the English Language Sources</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4326-0462</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хатиб</surname><given-names>Я.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatib</surname><given-names>Ya.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хатиб Язид, ветеринарный врач, аспирант, департамент ветеринарной медицины</p><p>117198, г. Москва, ул. Миклухо-Маклая, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Khatib Yazid, Veterinarian, Postgraduate (PhD) Student, Department of Veterinary Medicine</p><p>6, Miklukho-Maklai Str., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">yazedkhatib@hotmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский университет дружбы народов</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>RUDN University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>12</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>23</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>67</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Хатиб Я., 2024</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Хатиб Я.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Khatib Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2023">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2023</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Бешенство, согласно статистике, является причиной гибели почти 59000 человек ежегодно по всему миру, однако сведения о случаях бешенства среди животных и людей на Ближнем Востоке — одном из наиболее неблагополучных в этом отношении регионе — отличаются скудностью и не всегда являются достоверными, что определяет актуальность данного исследования. Цель обзора — обобщить данные литературных источников, опубликованных на английском языке, касающиеся причин распространения бешенства в ближневосточном регионе, способов борьбы с этим 6особо опасным инфекционным заболеванием и вопросов эффективности профилактических мер.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Поиск материалов для обзора проводился в электронных библиотеках PubMed, Web of Science, MDPI.com и др. В поиск включались источники за последние 15 лет только на английском языке. Поиск осуществлялся по ключевым словам: бешенство, Ближний Восток, распространение, профилактика, вакцинация. Материал, прошедший скрининг, был проанализирован, систематизирован и представлен в виде рисунка, таблицы и блок-схемы PRISMA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Проведенный обзор позволил установить неоднородность ситуации с распространением бешенства на Ближнем Востоке. Так, Кипр, Бахрейн, Кувейт, Катар и Объединённые Арабские Эмираты свободны от бешенства, чему немало способствует (полу)изолированное географическое положение некоторых из этих стран. В большинстве же государств Ближнего Востока ситуация далека от благополучия: люди подвержены высокому риску заражения как от собак, так и от диких животных. В качестве основных способов борьбы с данным зоонозом следует отметить проведение работы по осведомленности населения о смертельной опасности этого инфекционного заболевания, путях его передачи, симптоматике и важности своевременной профилактической вакцинации домашних животных и людей.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. В целом нам удалось достичь поставленной цели — обобщить существующие сведения о причинах распространения бешенства на Ближнем Востоке и основных способах борьбы с данным заболеванием, включая профилактические меры. Однако, несмотря на достаточно большую выборку источников, они не вполне, на наш взгляд, отражают истинную ситуацию по заболеванию бешенством в исследуемом регионе. Тому есть как объективные, так и субъективные причины. К первым относится, например, нестабильность эпизоотической и геополитической обстановки, осложняющая сбор и анализ статистической ветеринарной и медицинской отчетности. Среди субъективных причин можно назвать значительное количество случаев заболевания среди диких животных, заканчивающихся летальным исходом, которые редко где-либо фиксируются. Ключевым аспектом профилактики является вакцинация от бешенства животных и людей. Невзирая на все сложности, необходимо обеспечить в странах Ближнего Востока доступность человеческого антирабического иммуноглобулина и вакцин для животных в достаточном количестве.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. According to statistics, rabies causes death of almost 59,000 people per year worldwide, but information about the cases of rabies in animals and people in the Middle East is scarce and not always reliable, whereas the region is deemed to be one of the most troublesome in terms of rabies, that makes the present research relevant. The aim of the review is to summarize the data from the literature sources published in the English language referring to the causes of rabies spread in the Middle East, methods of control of this highly dangerous infectious disease and the issues of prophylaxis measures efficiency.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The search for the material for reviewing was conducted in the electronic libraries PubMed, Web of Science, MDPI.com, etc. The search covered the sources published during the last 15 years in the English language only. The search was conducted by the keywords: rabies, Middle East, spread, prophylaxis, vaccination. The material that passed screening was analysed, systematised, and presented in a form of a figure, table, and PRISMA flow chart.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. The review has led to the conclusion that the situation with rabies spread in the Middle East is not uniform. Thus, Cyprus, Bahrain, Kuwait, Qatar and the United Arab Emirates are recognised as rabies free, which is mainly due to the (semi)isolated geographical location of some of these countries. In the majority of the Middle East countries, the situation is far from being favourable: people undergo a high risk of getting infected by both dogs and wild animals. The main methods of control of this zoonosis that could be emphasized are those targeted at raising awareness of the population about the deadly danger of this infectious disease, the modes of its transmission, symptoms and the importance of timely preventive vaccination of people and domestic animals.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusions. On the whole, the aim of the conducted review on summarising the existing information on the causes of rabies spread in the Middle East and the main methods of control of this disease including the prophylaxis methods has been achieved. However, even though the review sample was quite big, in our opinion, the selected sources do not always truly reflect the situation concerning rabies in the studied territory. This can be explained by the objective and subjective reasons. The former include, for example, the instability of the epizootic and geopolitical situation, which hinders collection and analysis of statistical veterinary and medical reports. Among the subjective reasons, the considerable rabies incidence in the wild animals could be named, which ends in their death and is hardly ever recorded anywhere. The key aspect of prophylaxis is vaccination of animals and people against rabies. Despite all difficulties, it is necessary to ensure the availability of Human Rabies Immune Globulin and vaccines for animals in sufficient quantities in the Middle East countries.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>бешенство</kwd><kwd>Ближний Восток</kwd><kwd>распространение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>вакцинация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>rabies</kwd><kwd>Middle East</kwd><kwd>spread</kwd><kwd>prophylaxis</kwd><kwd>vaccination</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alaifan T, Altamimi A. A Systematic Review of Epidemiology of Rabies in Arab Countries. Journal of Health Informatics in Developing Countries. 2019;13(2) URL: https://www.jhidc.org/index.php/jhidc/article/view/242/271 (accessed: 10.11.2024)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alaifan T, Altamimi A. 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