<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2025-24-2-7-18</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">VXHUSB</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2055</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАРАЗИТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PARASITOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Стратегии борьбы с гельминтами лошадей на Дальнем Востоке России: пилотное исследование</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Strategies of Equine Helminth Control in the Far East Region of Russia: A Pilot Study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9303-4100</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дёмкина</surname><given-names>О. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demkina</surname><given-names>O. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Владимировна Дёмкина - кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент кафедры ветеринарно-санитарной экспертизы, эпизоотологии и микробиологии факультета ветеринарной медицины, зоотехнии и биотехнологий.</p><p>675005, Амурская область, Благовещенск, ул. Политехническая, д. 86</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga V. Demkina - Cand. Sci. (Veterinary Medicine), Associate Professor of the Veterinary and Sanitary Expertise, Epizootology and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zootechnics and Biotechnology.</p><p>86 Polytechnicheskaya Str., Blagoveshchensk, Amur Region, 675005</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demkina-olsen@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Дальневосточный государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Far Eastern State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>18</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Дёмкина О.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Дёмкина О.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Demkina O.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2055">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2055</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Гельминтозы лошадей, особенно в условиях нарастающей резистентности паразитов, остаются актуальной проблемой ветеринарной практики. Несмотря на наличие международных рекомендаций, в России сохраняется дефицит данных о реально проводимых противопаразитарных мероприятиях ветеринарными специалистами и владельцами животных. Целью настоящего пилотного исследования было оценить уровень осведомленности владельцев лошадей и ветеринарных специалистов о современных методах борьбы с гельминтами, проанализировать подходы к дегельминтизации и определить возможность использования целенаправленных стратегий лечения на Дальнем Востоке. Основной задачей было выявить несоответствия между существующей практикой и научно обоснованными рекомендациями по предупреждению развития резистентности гельминтов.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование, проведенное в сентябре–октябре 2024 г., основывалось на анкетировании владельцев лошадей и ветеринарных специалистов в Дальневосточном регионе России. Для сравнения практик дегельминтизации опрошено несколько владельцев из других регионов. Всего в исследовании приняли участие 148 человек. Для сбора данных использовались онлайн-опросы и индивидуальные интервью. Анкеты включали вопросы о частоте и методах дегельминтизации, использовании диагностических тестов, знании о резистентности и источниках получения информации. Данные были обработаны с использованием описательной статистики, критерия хи-квадрат и логистической регрессии для выявления статистических взаимосвязей.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. В ходе исследования было установлено, что среди владельцев лошадей и ветеринарных врачей на Дальнем Востоке распространены интервальные методы обработки лошадей против гельминтов. Осведомленность у респондентов о проблеме резистентности была высокой (73,13 % у владельцев и 78,57 % у ветеринаров), но только 17,56 % владельцев использовали тест FEC перед дегельминтизацией. Частое проведение консультаций ветеринарами не оказывает существенного влияния на применение диагностических исследований или соблюдение карантина владельцами. Макроциклические лактоны предпочитают использовать 72,39 % владельцев и 75 % ветеринаров, что может усугубить риск развития резистентности. Однако обнадеживает использование ротации антигельминтиков большинством владельцев (82,14 %) и ветеринаров (71,43 %). Логистическая регрессия показала, что знания о паразитарных болезнях положительно влияют на использование тестов FEC.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Проведенное пилотное исследование выявило пробелы между знанием о методах борьбы с гельминтами и их практическим применением. Большинство владельцев и ветеринаров осведомлены о проблеме резистентности, однако проведение диагностических тестов остаётся недостаточным. Для эффективной борьбы с паразитами необходимо повышать уровень консультативного взаимодействия и внедрять целевые методы дегельминтизации на основе диагностических исследований.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Equine helminthiasis, especially in the context of parasite resistance growth, remains an acute issue in the veterinary practices. In Russia, despite the availability of international guidelines, there are still no enough data on the parasite control measures really taken by the veterinary specialists and animal owners. The present pilot study aims at evaluating the level of awareness of horse owners and veterinary specialists about the advanced methods of combating helminth infections, as well as at analysing approaches to deworming and determining the possibility of using targeted treatment strategies in the Far East Region. The main objective is to identify the contradictions between the existing practices and scientific recommendations on prevention of anthelmintic resistance.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study was conducted in September–October 2024 and was based on a questionnaire survey held among horse owners and veterinary specialists in the Far East Region of Russia. Several owners from other regions were interviewed to compare deworming practices. In total, 148 people participated in the survey. Online questionnaires and individual interviews were used to collect data. Questionnaires included the questions about frequency and methods of deworming, the use of diagnostic tests, knowledge about resistance and sources of getting information. To identify statistical relationships, the data were processed using the methods of descriptive statistics, chi-square tests and logistic regression.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In the frame of the study, it was found that in the Far East the methods of interval deworming of horses were the most popular among the horse owners and veterinarians. Respondents were highly aware of the problem of anthelmintic resistance (73.13% among the owners and 78.57% among the veterinarians), but only 17.56% of the owners used the Faecal Egg Count (FEC) prior to deworming. Frequent consultations provided by the veterinarians did not much help to persuade the owners to implement the diagnostic tests or adhere to the quarantine measures. 72.39% of owners and 75% of veterinarians preferred using the macrocyclic lactones, which could exacerbate the risk of anthelmintic resistance development. However, the use of the anthelmintics rotation practices by the majority of owners (82.14%) and veterinarians (71.43%) makes it possible to feel optimistic. Logistic regression has revealed that knowledge on parasitic diseases has a positive effect on the use of FECs.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. The pilot study revealed the gaps between the knowledge on helminth control methods and their practical implementation. The majority of owners and veterinarians are aware of the problem of anthelmintic resistance, however diagnostic testing remains insufficient. To efficiently combat parasites, it is necessary to increase the quality of consultation services and implement the targeted deworming practices based on diagnostic tests.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пилотное исследование</kwd><kwd>гельминтозы лошадей</kwd><kwd>антигельминтная резистентность</kwd><kwd>стратегии борьбы</kwd><kwd>анкетирование</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>макроциклические лактоны</kwd><kwd>Дальний Восток</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pilot study</kwd><kwd>equine helminthiasis</kwd><kwd>anthelmintic resistance</kwd><kwd>strategies of control</kwd><kwd>questionnaire survey</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>macrocyclic lactones</kwd><kwd>Far East</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic Resistance in Equine Nematodes: Current Status and Emerging Trends. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. 2022;20:76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.10.005</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen MK. Anthelmintic Resistance in Equine Nematodes: Current Status and Emerging Trends. International Journal for Parasitology: Drugs and Drug Resistance. 2022;20:76–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpddr.2022.10.005</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gehlen H, Wulke N, Ertelt A, Nielsen MK, Morelli S, Traversa D, et al. Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Colic and Non-Colic Control Equine Patients. Animals. 2020;10(10):1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101916</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gehlen H, Wulke N, Ertelt A, Nielsen MK, Morelli S, Traversa D, et al. Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Helminth Infections in Colic and Non-Colic Control Equine Patients. Animals. 2020;10(10):1916. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani10101916</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stratford CH, Lester HE, Pickles KJ, McGorum BC, Matthews JB. An Investigation of Anthelmintic Efficacy against Strongyles on Equine Yards in Scotland. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2014;46(1):17–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12079</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stratford CH, Lester HE, Pickles KJ, McGorum BC, Matthews JB. An Investigation of Anthelmintic Efficacy against Strongyles on Equine Yards in Scotland. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2014;46(1):17–24. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12079</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cai E, Wu R, Wu Yu, Gao Yu, Zhu Yi, Li J. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Current Status of Anthelmintic Resistance in Equine Nematodes: A Global Perspective. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 2024;257:111600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111600</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cai E, Wu R, Wu Yu, Gao Yu, Zhu Yi, Li J. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Current Status of Anthelmintic Resistance in Equine Nematodes: A Global Perspective. Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 2024;257:111600. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molbiopara.2023.111600</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Boelow H, Krücken J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Epidemiological Study on Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Helminth Eggs in Horses in Germany Based on Sent-in Diagnostic Samples. Parasitology Research. 2023;122(3):749–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07765-4</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Boelow H, Krücken J, von Samson-Himmelstjerna G. Epidemiological Study on Factors Influencing the Occurrence of Helminth Eggs in Horses in Germany Based on Sent-in Diagnostic Samples. Parasitology Research. 2023;122(3):749–767. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-022-07765-4</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplan RM, Denwood MJ, Nielsen MK, Thamsborg SM, Torgerson PR, Gilleard JS, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) Guideline for Diagnosing Anthelmintic Resistance Using the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test in Ruminants, Horses and Swine. Veterinary Parasitology. 2023;318:109936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109936</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplan RM, Denwood MJ, Nielsen MK, Thamsborg SM, Torgerson PR, Gilleard JS, et al. World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (W.A.A.V.P.) Guideline for Diagnosing Anthelmintic Resistance Using the Faecal Egg Count Reduction Test in Ruminants, Horses and Swine. Veterinary Parasitology. 2023;318:109936. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109936</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Osterman-Lind E, Hedberg Alm Y, Hassler H, Wilderoth H, Thorolfson H, Tydén E. Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Equine Strongyle Infective Larvae on Pasture and Study of Larval Migration and Overwintering in a Nordic Climate. Animals. 2022;12(22):3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Osterman-Lind E, Hedberg Alm Y, Hassler H, Wilderoth H, Thorolfson H, Tydén E. Evaluation of Strategies to Reduce Equine Strongyle Infective Larvae on Pasture and Study of Larval Migration and Overwintering in a Nordic Climate. Animals. 2022;12(22):3093. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12223093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Easton S, Pinchbeck GL, Tzelos T, Bartley DJ, Hotchkiss E, Hodgkinson JE, et al. Investigating Interactions between UK Horse Owners and Prescribers of Anthelmintics. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2016;135:17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.017</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Easton S, Pinchbeck GL, Tzelos T, Bartley DJ, Hotchkiss E, Hodgkinson JE, et al. Investigating Interactions between UK Horse Owners and Prescribers of Anthelmintics. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2016;135:17–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2016.10.017</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dauparaitė E, Kupčinskas T, Hoglund J, Petkevičius S. A Survey of Control Strategies for Equine Small Strongyles in Lithuania. Helminthologia. 2021;58(3):225–232. https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0031</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dauparaitė E, Kupčinskas T, Hoglund J, Petkevičius S. A Survey of Control Strategies for Equine Small Strongyles in Lithuania. Helminthologia. 2021;58(3):225–232. https://doi.org/10.2478/helm-2021-0031</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Fritzen B, Demeler J, Schürmann S, Rohn K, Schnieder T, et al. Cases of Reduced Cyathostomin Egg-Reappearance Period and Failure of Parascarisequorum Egg Count Reduction Following Ivermectin Treatment as Well as Survey on Pyrantel Efficacy on German Horse Farms. Veterinary Parasitology. 2007;144(1–2):74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.036</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">von Samson-Himmelstjerna G, Fritzen B, Demeler J, Schürmann S, Rohn K, Schnieder T, et al. Cases of Reduced Cyathostomin Egg-Reappearance Period and Failure of Parascarisequorum Egg Count Reduction Following Ivermectin Treatment as Well as Survey on Pyrantel Efficacy on German Horse Farms. Veterinary Parasitology. 2007;144(1–2):74–80. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2006.09.036</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Becher AM, van Doorn DC, Pfister K, Kaplan RM, Reist M, Nielsen MK. Equine Parasite Control and the Role of National Legislation — A Multinational Questionnaire Survey. Veterinary Parasitology. 2018;259:6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.07.001</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Becher AM, van Doorn DC, Pfister K, Kaplan RM, Reist M, Nielsen MK. Equine Parasite Control and the Role of National Legislation — A Multinational Questionnaire Survey. Veterinary Parasitology. 2018;259:6–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.07.001</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen MK, Branan MA, Wiedenheft AM, Digianantonio R, Scare JA, Bellaw JL, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Strongylid Egg Count Prevalence and Abundance in the United States Equine Population. Veterinary Parasitology. 2018;257:58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.05.006</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen MK, Branan MA, Wiedenheft AM, Digianantonio R, Scare JA, Bellaw JL, et al. Risk Factors Associated with Strongylid Egg Count Prevalence and Abundance in the United States Equine Population. Veterinary Parasitology. 2018;257:58–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.05.006</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Beasley AM, Kotze AC, Barnes TS, Coleman GT. Equine Helminth Prevalence and Management Practices on Australian Properties as Shown by Coprological Survey and Written Questionnaire. Animal Production Science. 2020;60(18):2131–2144. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18378</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Beasley AM, Kotze AC, Barnes TS, Coleman GT. Equine Helminth Prevalence and Management Practices on Australian Properties as Shown by Coprological Survey and Written Questionnaire. Animal Production Science. 2020;60(18):2131–2144. https://doi.org/10.1071/AN18378</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosanowski SM, Scott I, Sells PD, Rogers CW, Bolwell CF. Cross-Sectional Survey of Parasite Control Practices on Thoroughbred and Standardbred Training Yards in New Zealand. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2016;48(3):387–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12558</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosanowski SM, Scott I, Sells PD, Rogers CW, Bolwell CF. Cross-Sectional Survey of Parasite Control Practices on Thoroughbred and Standardbred Training Yards in New Zealand. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2016;48(3):387–393. https://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12558</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Medeiros PR, Figueiredo LS, de Melo UP, Mariz ALB, de Brito EL, Araújo IRDS, et al. Survey on Sanitary Practices and Knowledge about Infectious Diseases among Equine Owners in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2023;45: e003323. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003323</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Medeiros PR, Figueiredo LS, de Melo UP, Mariz ALB, de Brito EL, Araújo IRDS, et al. Survey on Sanitary Practices and Knowledge about Infectious Diseases among Equine Owners in the State of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2023;45: e003323. https://doi.org/10.29374/2527-2179.bjvm003323</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hinney B, Wirtherle NC, Kyule M, Miethe N, Zessin KH, Clausen PH. A Questionnaire Survey on Helminth Control on Horse Farms in Brandenburg, Germany, and the Assessment of Risks Caused by Different Kinds of Management. Parasitology Research. 2011;109(6):1625–1635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2434-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hinney B, Wirtherle NC, Kyule M, Miethe N, Zessin KH, Clausen PH. A Questionnaire Survey on Helminth Control on Horse Farms in Brandenburg, Germany, and the Assessment of Risks Caused by Different Kinds of Management. Parasitology Research. 2011;109(6):1625–1635. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-011-2434-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Stratford CH, Lester HE, Morgan ER, Pickles KJ, Relf V, McGorum BC, et al. A Questionnaire Study of Equine Gastrointestinal Parasite Control in Scotland. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2014;46(1):25–31. http://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Stratford CH, Lester HE, Morgan ER, Pickles KJ, Relf V, McGorum BC, et al. A Questionnaire Study of Equine Gastrointestinal Parasite Control in Scotland. Equine Veterinary Journal. 2014;46(1):25–31. http://doi.org/10.1111/evj.12101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rose Vineer H, Vande Velde F, Bull K, Claerebout E, Morgan ER. Attitudes towards Worm Egg Counts and Targeted Selective Treatment against Equine Cyathostomins. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2017;144:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.002</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rose Vineer H, Vande Velde F, Bull K, Claerebout E, Morgan ER. Attitudes towards Worm Egg Counts and Targeted Selective Treatment against Equine Cyathostomins. Preventive Veterinary Medicine. 2017;144:66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.prevetmed.2017.05.002</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Панова О.А., Архипов И.А., Баранова М.В., Хрусталев А.В. Проблема антигельминтной резистентности в коневодстве. Российский паразитологический журнал. 2022;16(2):230–242. https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-84352022-16-2-230-242</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Panova OA, Arkhipov IA, Baranova MV, Khrustalev AV. The Problem of Anthelmintic Resistance in Horse Breeding. Russian Journal of Parasitology. 2022;16(2):230–242. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.31016/1998-8435-2022-16-2-230-242</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nielsen MK, Leathwick DM, Sauermann CW. Shortened Strongylid Egg Reappearance Periods in Horses Following Macrocyclic Lactone Administration — The Impact on Parasite Dynamics. Veterinary Parasitology. 2023;320:109977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109977</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nielsen MK, Leathwick DM, Sauermann CW. Shortened Strongylid Egg Reappearance Periods in Horses Following Macrocyclic Lactone Administration — The Impact on Parasite Dynamics. Veterinary Parasitology. 2023;320:109977. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetpar.2023.109977</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McTigue FE, Mansbridge SC, Pyatt AZ. Equine Anthelmintic Resistance: Horse Owner and Yard Manager Perception of the Barriers Affecting Strategic Control Measures In England. Veterinary Sciences. 2022;9(10):560. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100560</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McTigue FE, Mansbridge SC, Pyatt AZ. Equine Anthelmintic Resistance: Horse Owner and Yard Manager Perception of the Barriers Affecting Strategic Control Measures In England. Veterinary Sciences. 2022;9(10):560. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci9100560</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
