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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2025-24-2-29-42</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">INMCMS</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2057</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL PATHOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Основные показатели функционирования сердечно-сосудистой системы лабораторных кроликов</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Main Indices of Laboratory Rabbit Cardiovascular System</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8379-0279</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Симонова</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Simonova</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Владимировна Симонова - научный сотрудник отдела экспериментальной фармакологии и токсикологии.</p><p>88663, Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский, ул. Заводская, д. 3, к. 245</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta V. Simonova - Research Associate of the Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Department.</p><p>3–245, Zavodskaya Str., Kuzmolovsky Urban-Type Settlement, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">simonova.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9846-8335</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Султанова</surname><given-names>К. Т.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sultanova</surname><given-names>K. T.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кира Тимуровна Султанова - кандидат медицинских наук, руководитель отдела экспериментальной фармакологии и токсикологии.</p><p>88663, Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский, ул. Заводская, д. 3, к. 245</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kira T. Sultanova - Cand.Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Department.</p><p>3–245, Zavodskaya Str., Kuzmolovsky Urban-Type Settlement, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sultanova.kt@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5386-7551</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бородина</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Borodina</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Антонина Юрьевна Бородина - научный сотрудник отдела экспериментальной фармакологии и токсикологии.</p><p>88663, Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский, ул. Заводская, д. 3, к. 245</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Аntonina Yu. Borodina - Research Associate of the Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Department.</p><p>3–245, Zavodskaya Str., Kuzmolovsky Urban-Type Settlement, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">borodina.ay@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1448-921X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мазукина</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Mazukina</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Елизавета Владимировна Мазукина - заместитель руководителя отдела экспериментальной фармакологии и токсикологии.</p><p>88663, Ленинградская обл., Всеволожский район, г.п. Кузьмоловский, ул. Заводская, д. 3, к. 245</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Elizaveta V. Mazukina - Deputy Head of the Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology Department.</p><p>3–245, Zavodskaya Str., Kuzmolovsky Urban-Type Settlement, Vsevolozhsky District, Leningrad Region, 188663</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mazukina.ev@doclinika.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Акционерное общество «Научно-производственное объединение «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Joint Stock Company “Research-and-Manufacturing Company “Home of Pharmacy”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>42</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Симонова Е.В., Султанова К.Т., Бородина А.Ю., Мазукина Е.В., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Симонова Е.В., Султанова К.Т., Бородина А.Ю., Мазукина Е.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Simonova E.V., Sultanova K.T., Borodina A.Y., Mazukina E.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2057">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2057</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Предпочтительными тест-системами в ходе оценки влияния разрабатываемых лекарственных препаратов на сердечно-сосудистую систему являются кролики, хорьки, собаки, карликовые свиньи и обезьяны. Сердце данных видов имеет сходство с сердцем человека в частоте сердечных сокращений и распределении сердечных ионных каналов. Данная работа сфокусирована на кроликах как одном из наиболее широко задействованных в доклинических исследованиях виде, при этом в открытых источниках практически не встречаются результаты измерений на достаточной выборке интактных животных. Таким образом, целью исследования было определение особенностей электрокардиограммы и референтных интервалов основных показателей сердечнососудистой системы и артериального давления у половозрелых лабораторных кроликов разных пород, возраста и пола, и сравнение полученных данных с литературными источниками.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено в АО «НПО «ДОМ ФАРМАЦИИ» (Ленинградская область) в период с 2019 по 2024 гг. Проанализированы 597 электрокардиограмм и 863 значения систолического и диастолического артериального давления кроликов различных пород и пола в возрасте от 4 до 8 месяцев и рассчитаны их референтные интервалы. Для нивелирования возможной вариативности параметров, обусловленной стрессом и двигательной активностью животных, при проведении физиологических исследований применяли анестезию: внутримышечно или внутривенно препарат, содержащий тилетамин и золазепам (5 мг/кг), в комбинации с ксилазина гидрохлоридом (1–2 мг/кг). Данные получены при регистрации фоновых значений у всех кроликов в эксперименте (до введения исследуемых препаратов), а также у кроликов, находившихся в контрольных и интактных группах. Расчет референтных интервалов проводился непараметрическим (количество значений больше 120) или робастным методом (количество значений менее 120).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. При изучении электрокардиограммы кроликов наибольшая вариативность отмечена у зубца Р, также часто наблюдали отсутствие одного из зубцов Q, S, T в одном или двух отведениях и интервалов S-T и T-P. Значительных различий, рассчитанных референтных интервалов по оцениваемым показателям при сравнении между породами и диапазонами массы тела кроликов, не обнаружено. При сравнении с литературными источниками параметры электрокардиограммы преимущественно попадают в полученные референтные интервалы, за исключением интервала QRS. Полученные интервалы показателей артериального давления в состоянии наркотизации значительно ниже представленных в литературе значений у животных в сознании.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Рассчитанные референтные интервалы большинства параметров электрокардиограммы кроликов различных пород сопоставимы с данными литературы и не имеют значительных колебаний в зависимости от возраста, массы и пола. Полученные референтные интервалы и описанные особенности электрокардиограммы кроликов могут быть использованы при анализе и интерпретации данных, полученных в доклинических исследованиях.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. Rabbits, ferrets, dogs, miniature pigs and monkeys are considered to be the preferable test systems for assessing the efficacy of the developed medicinal products for the cardiovascular system. The heart rate and distribution of cardiac ion channels in the heart of these species is similar to that in the human heart. The present work focuses on rabbits as they are one of the most widely used species in preclinical research, however, the results of measurements carried out on a sufficient sample of intact animals can hardly be found in the open sources. Thus, the aim of the study is to determine the features of the electrocardiogram and to establish the reference intervals of the key cardiovascular indices as well as of the blood pressure in the sexually mature laboratory rabbits of different breeds, ages and sexes, and to compare the obtained data with that in the literature sources.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at JSC “Research-and-Manufacturing Company “Home of Pharmacy” (Leningrad Region) in the period from 2019 to 2024. 597 electrocardiograms and 863 values of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in rabbits of various breeds and sexes aged 4 to 8 months were analysed and reference intervals for them were calculated. To minimise possible variability of parameters caused by stress and motor activity of animals, they were anesthetized during physiological studies with a drug containing tiletamine and zolazepam (5 mg / kg) in combination with xylazine hydrochloride (1–2 mg / kg) administered intramuscularly or intravenously. The data were retrieved by recording the background values in all rabbits in the experiment (before administering the studied medicinal products), as well as in rabbits in the control and intact groups. Reference intervals were calculated using a nonparametric (number of values more than 120) or robust (number of values less than 120) methods.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. When studying the electrocardiograms of rabbits, the highest variability was noted in the P wave. Also, the absence of one of the Q, S, T waves in one or two leads and absence of S-T and T-P intervals were frequently observed. When comparing rabbit breeds and body weight ranges, no significant differences were found in the calculated reference intervals of the indices assessed. When comparing to the literature sources, the electrocardiogram parameters mainly matched the obtained reference intervals, except for the QRS interval. The obtained intervals of blood pressure indices in the state of anaesthesia were significantly lower than the values presented in the literature for the awaken animals.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. The calculated reference intervals of the most of electrocardiogram parameters in different rabbit breeds are comparable to the data available in literature and do not significantly vary in relation to age, weight and sex. The obtained reference intervals and the described features of the electrocardiogram of rabbits can be used in the analysis and interpretation of data received during preclinical research.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>референтные интервалы</kwd><kwd>кролики</kwd><kwd>фармакологическая безопасность</kwd><kwd>артериальное давление (АД)</kwd><kwd>электрокардиограмма (ЭКГ)</kwd><kwd>сердечно-сосудистая система (ССС)</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>reference intervals</kwd><kwd>rabbits</kwd><kwd>pharmacological safety</kwd><kwd>blood pressure (BP)</kwd><kwd>electrocardiogram (ECG)</kwd><kwd>cardiovascular system (CVS)</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hornyik T, Rieder M, Castiglione A, Major P, Baczko I, Brunner M et al. Transgenic Rabbit Models for Cardiac Disease Research. 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