<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2025-24-3-43-52</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2064</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патология животных, морфология, физиология, фармакология и токсикология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal pathology, morphology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Разработка методики получения биоэквивалента соединительной ткани кролика</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Development of a Methodology for Obtaining Connective Tissue Bioequivalent from Rabbits</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1929-6345</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Головин</surname><given-names>С. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Golovin</surname><given-names>S. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Николаевич Головин, научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинских цифровых изображений на ос-нове базисной модели</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey N. Golovin, Research Associate of the Laboratory “Digital Medical Imaging Using the Basic Model”</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">labbiobez@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4703-1616</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кириченко</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kirichenko</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгения Юрьевна Кириченко, доктор биологических наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой биоинженерии</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeniya Yu. Kirichenko, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor, Head of the Bioengineering Department</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kiriche.evgeniya@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1194-7251</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Седова</surname><given-names>Д. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sedova</surname><given-names>D. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дарья Андреевна Седова, научный сотрудник лаборатории медицинских цифровых изображений на основе базисной модели</p><p>344003, г. Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Darya A. Sedova, Research Associate of the Laboratory “Digital Medical Imaging Using the Basic Model”,</p><p>1, Gagarin Sq., Rostov-on-Don, 344003</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dased0va@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Донской государственный технический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Don State Technical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>05</day><month>10</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>52</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Головин С.Н., Кириченко Е.Ю., Седова Д.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Головин С.Н., Кириченко Е.Ю., Седова Д.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Golovin S.N., Kirichenko E.Y., Sedova D.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2064">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2064</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Клеточная терапия и тканевая инженерия обладают значительным потенциалом применения в ветеринарии, однако использование данных технологий в Российской Федерации в настоящее время ограничено из-за отсутствия стандартизированных протоколов выделения клеток, подбора доноров и создания тканевых эквивалентов. Особую актуальность для клинической ветеринарии имеет разработка методики получения биоэквивалента соединительной ткани, ведь она составляет до половины массы тела и является основой для нормального функционирования кожи, слизистых оболочек и внутренних органов животных. Цель исследования — разработать методику получения тканевого эквивалента соединительной ткани кролика.Материалы и методы. Исследование проведено на базе ДГТУ в период с 13 ноября 2023 г. по 17 марта 2025 г. Объектом исследования выступили мультипотентные мезенхимальные стволовые клетки (ММСК) и фибробласты взрослых самцов кролика. Ферментными методами были выделены ММСК из большого сальника и фибробласты из кожи животных. Получены стабильные культуры клеток, исследован их дифференцировочный потенциал при миогенной и липогенной индукции in vitro. С применением экструзионной 3D-биопечати созданы эквиваленты соединительной ткани, морфологические свойства которой изучены с помощью световой, конфокальной и электронной микроскопии.Результаты исследования. Индукция наборами факторов обеспечила дифференцировку ММСК в адипо- и миогенном направлении. Адипогенная дифференцировка сопровождалась образованием липидных капель, миогенная — формированием миотрубочек. 3D-биопечать позволила сформировать эквиваленты соединительной ткани с сохранением жизнеспособности клеток, развитием межклеточных контактов и активной секрецией в течение не менее 72 ч.Обсуждение и заключение. Разработан новый подход к получению тканевых эквивалентов соединительной ткани кролика благодаря оптимизации методов выделения и дифференцировки ММСК. Сформированные конструкты продемонстрировали морфофункциональную активность, что подтверждает перспективность их применения в клинической ветеринарии для регенерации соединительной ткани и в экспериментальных исследованиях.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. The potential of cell therapy and tissue engineering technologies in veterinary medicine is quite high. However, the use of these technologies in the Russian Federation is currently limited due to the absence of standardized protocols for cell isolation, donor selection and creation of tissue equivalents. Development of a methodology for obtaining connective tissue bioequivalent is particularly relevant for clinical veterinary medicine, as connective tissue constitutes up to the half of the body weight and ensures the normal functioning of skin, mucous membranes, and internal organs of animals. The aim of this study is to develop a methodology for obtaining connective tissue equivalent from rabbits.Materials and Мethods. The study was conducted at Don State Technical University (DSTU) from November 13, 2023 to March 17, 2025. The objects of the study were multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) and fibroblasts from adult male rabbits. Enzymatic methods were used to isolate MMSCs from the greater omentum and fibroblasts from the animal skin. Stable cell lines were obtained, and their differentiation potential was studied in vitro during myogenic and lipogenic induction. Connective tissue equivalents were created using 3D extrusion bioprinting, their morphological properties were studied by means of light, confocal, and electron microscopy.Results. Application of the sets of factors during induction ensured the adipogenic and myogenic differentiation of MMSCs. Adipogenic differentiation came along with formation of lipid droplets, while myogenic differentiation — with formation of myotubes. 3D bioprinting enabled creation of connective tissue equivalents with maintained cell viability, developing intercellular contacts, and active secretion for at least 72 hours.Discussion and Сonclusion. A new approach to obtaining connective tissue equivalents from rabbits was developed by optimizing MMSCs isolation and differentiation techniques. The resulting constructs demonstrated morphological and functional activity, thus, confirmed their potential for using in clinical veterinary medicine for regeneration of connective tissue and for experimental studies.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>тканевая инженерия</kwd><kwd>культура клеток</kwd><kwd>мезенхимальные стволовые клетки</kwd><kwd>ММСК</kwd><kwd>тканевой эквивалент</kwd><kwd>биоэквивалент</kwd><kwd>кролик</kwd><kwd>липобласты</kwd><kwd>фибробласты</kwd><kwd>трансмиссионная электронная микроскопия</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>tissue engineering</kwd><kwd>cell culture</kwd><kwd>mesenchymal stem cells</kwd><kwd>MMSCs</kwd><kwd>tissue equivalent</kwd><kwd>bioequivalent</kwd><kwd>rabbit</kwd><kwd>lipoblasts</kwd><kwd>fibroblasts</kwd><kwd>transmission electron microscopy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Исследование выполнено при финансовой поддержке гранта Министерства науки и высшего образования РФ № FZNE-2024-0004.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The research was funded by the grant No. FZNE-2024-0004 of the Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sharun K, El-Husseiny HM, Muthu S. Editorial: Advances In Veterinary Tissue Engineering: Unlocking Potential with Cell-Free and Cell-Based Methods. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2025;12:1591272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1591272</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sharun K, El-Husseiny HM, Muthu S. Editorial: Advances In Veterinary Tissue Engineering: Unlocking Potential with Cell-Free and Cell-Based Methods. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2025;12:1591272. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2025.1591272</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yun SH, Lee DY, Lee J, Mariano EJ, Choi Yeongwoo, Park Jinmo, et al. Current Research, Industrialization Status, and Future Perspective of Cultured Meat. Food science of animal resources. 2024;44(2):326–355. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2024.e13</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yun SH, Lee DY, Lee J, Mariano EJ, Choi Yeongwoo, Park Jinmo, et al. Current Research, Industrialization Status, and Future Perspective of Cultured Meat. Food science of animal resources. 2024;44(2):326–355. https://doi.org/10.5851/kosfa.2024.e13</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hubrecht RC, Carter E. The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change. Animals. 2019;9(10):754. https://doi:10.3390/ani9100754</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hubrecht RC, Carter E. The 3Rs and Humane Experimental Technique: Implementing Change. Animals. 2019;9(10):754. https://doi:10.3390/ani9100754</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sulakhiya K, Paliwal R, Kisku A, Sahu M, Aditya S. Soni P, et al. Experimental Tools as an “Alternative to Animal Research” in Pharmacology. In book: Singh D, Tiwari P (Eds.). Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research. Bentham Science Publishers; 2024. P. 170–206. https://doi.org/10.2174/97898152230191240101</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sulakhiya K, Paliwal R, Kisku A, Sahu M, Aditya S. Soni P, et al. Experimental Tools as an “Alternative to Animal Research” in Pharmacology. In book: Singh D, Tiwari P (Eds.). Software and Programming Tools in Pharmaceutical Research. Bentham Science Publishers; 2024. P. 170–206. https://doi.org/10.2174/97898152230191240101</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Amelian A, Wasilewska K, Megias D, Winnicka K. Application of Standard Cell Cultures and 3D in Vitro Tissue Models as an Effective Tool in Drug Design and Development. Pharmacological Reports. 2017;69:861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.014</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Amelian A, Wasilewska K, Megias D, Winnicka K. Application of Standard Cell Cultures and 3D in Vitro Tissue Models as an Effective Tool in Drug Design and Development. Pharmacological Reports. 2017;69:861–870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pharep.2017.03.014</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мелешина А.В., Быстрова А.С., Роговая О.С., Воротеляк Е.А., Васильев А.В., Загайнова Е.В. Тканеинженерные конструкты кожи и использование стволовых клеток для создания кожных эквивалентов (обзор). Современные технологии в медицине. 2017;9(1):198–220. https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2017.9.1.24</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meleshina AV, Bystrova AS, Rogovaya OS, Vorotelyak EA, Vasiliev AV, Zagaynova EV. Skin Tissue-Engineering Constructs and Stem Cells Application for the Skin Equivalents Creation (Review). Sovremennyetehnologii v medicine (Modern Technologies in Medicine). 2017;9(1):198–218. https://doi.org/10.17691/stm2017.9.1.24</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Шкурупий В.А., Ким Л.Б., Ковнер А.В., Черданцева Л.А. Соединительная ткань и проблемы ее патологических состояний. Бюллетень сибирской медицины. 2017;16(4):75–85. https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2017-4-75–85</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shkurupy VA, Kim LB, Kovner AV, Cherdantseva LA. Connective Tissue and the Problems of Its Pathological Conditions. Bulletin of Siberian Medicine. 2017;16(4):75–85. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.20538/1682-0363-2017-4-75–85</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zushin PH, Mukherjee S, Wu JC. FDA Modernization Act 2.0: Transitioning beyond Animal Models with Human Cells, Organoids, and AI/ML-Based Approaches. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2023;133(21):e175824. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI175824</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zushin PH, Mukherjee S, Wu JC. FDA Modernization Act 2.0: Transitioning beyond Animal Models with Human Cells, Organoids, and AI/ML-Based Approaches. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2023;133(21):e175824. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI175824</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravikumar B, Cichońska A, Sahni N, Aittokallio T, Rahman R. Advancements in Rational Multi‐Targeted Drug Discovery: Improving the Efficacy‐Safety Balance of Small Molecule Cancer Therapeutics. In book: Peters JU (Ed.). Polypharmacology: Strategies for Multi‐Target Drug Discovery. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; 2025. P. 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394182862.ch9</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravikumar B, Cichońska A, Sahni N, Aittokallio T, Rahman R. Advancements in Rational Multi‐Targeted Drug Discovery: Improving the Efficacy‐Safety Balance of Small Molecule Cancer Therapeutics. In book: Peters JU (Ed.). Polypharmacology: Strategies for Multi‐Target Drug Discovery. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc.; 2025. P. 109–125. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394182862.ch9</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hu J, Lin YY, Chen PJ, Watashi K, Wakita T. Cell and Animal Models for Studying Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Drug Development. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(2):338–354. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.093</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hu J, Lin YY, Chen PJ, Watashi K, Wakita T. Cell and Animal Models for Studying Hepatitis B Virus Infection and Drug Development. Gastroenterology. 2019;156(2):338–354. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2018.06.093</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Harb A, Fakhreddine M, Zaraket H, Saleh FA. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Study Respiratory Virus Infections Including COVID-19. Biomimetics. 2021;7(1):3. https://doi:10.3390/biomimetics7010003</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Harb A, Fakhreddine M, Zaraket H, Saleh FA. Three-Dimensional Cell Culture Models to Study Respiratory Virus Infections Including COVID-19. Biomimetics. 2021;7(1):3. https://doi:10.3390/biomimetics7010003</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Головин С.Н. Кириченко Е.Ю., Седова Д.А., Ермаков А.М. Перспективы применения клеточной терапии в ветеринарии. Международный вестник ветеринарии. 2025;4. (в печати).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovin SN, Kirichenko EYu, Sedova DA, Ermakov AM. Prospects of Cell Therapy Application in Veterinary Medicine. International Bulletin of Veterinary Medicine. 2025;4. (In Russ.) (in print).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Armitage AJ, Miller JM, Sparks TH, Georgiou AE, Reid J. Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment for Chronic Degenerative Musculoskeletal Conditions in Dogs: A Retrospective Study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;9:1014687. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1014687</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Armitage AJ, Miller JM, Sparks TH, Georgiou AE, Reid J. Efficacy of Autologous Mesenchymal Stromal Cell Treatment for Chronic Degenerative Musculoskeletal Conditions in Dogs: A Retrospective Study. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2023;9:1014687. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2022.1014687</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goel S, Gandhi S, Dubey S, Shah M, Saini S, Arora P, et al. Stem Cell Therapy: Promises and Challenges in Treating Animal Diseases. In book: Mukhopadhyay CS, Choudhary RK, Panwar H, Malik YS (Eds.). Biotechnological Interventions Augmenting Livestock Health and Production. Livestock Diseases and Management. Singapore: Springer; 2023. P. 13–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2209-3_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goel S, Gandhi S, Dubey S, Shah M, Saini S, Arora P, et al. Stem Cell Therapy: Promises and Challenges in Treating Animal Diseases. In book: Mukhopadhyay CS, Choudhary RK, Panwar H, Malik YS (Eds.). Biotechnological Interventions Augmenting Livestock Health and Production. Livestock Diseases and Management. Singapore: Springer; 2023. P. 13–38. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-2209-3_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Voga M, Kovač V, Majdic G. Comparison of Canine and Feline Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Medicinal Signaling Cells with Regard to Cell Surface Marker Expression, Viability, Proliferation, and Differentiation Potential. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021;7:610240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.610240</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Voga M, Kovač V, Majdic G. Comparison of Canine and Feline Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells/Medicinal Signaling Cells with Regard to Cell Surface Marker Expression, Viability, Proliferation, and Differentiation Potential. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2021;7:610240. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.610240</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fraile AP, González-Cubero E, Martínez-Flórez S, Olivera ER, Villar-Suárez V. Regenerative Medicine Applied to Musculoskeletal Diseases in Equines: A Systematic Review. Veterinary Sciences, 2023;10(12):666. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120666</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fraile AP, González-Cubero E, Martínez-Flórez S, Olivera ER, Villar-Suárez V. Regenerative Medicine Applied to Musculoskeletal Diseases in Equines: A Systematic Review. Veterinary Sciences, 2023;10(12):666. https://doi.org/10.3390/vetsci10120666</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vickram AS, Infant SS, Manikandan S, Sowndharya BB, Gulothungan G, Chopra H. 3D Bio-Printed Scaffolds and Smart Implants: Evaluating Functional Performance in Animal Surgery Models. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 2025;87(6):3618–3634. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000003333</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vickram AS, Infant SS, Manikandan S, Sowndharya BB, Gulothungan G, Chopra H. 3D Bio-Printed Scaffolds and Smart Implants: Evaluating Functional Performance in Animal Surgery Models. Annals of Medicine and Surgery 2025;87(6):3618–3634. https://doi.org/10.1097/MS9.0000000000003333</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gallivanone F, D’Ambrosio D, Carne I, D’Arcangelo Micol, Montagna P, Giroletti E, et al. A tri-modal tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom for PET, CT and multi-parametric MRI radiomics. Physica Medica. 2022;98:28–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.04.007</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gallivanone F, D’Ambrosio D, Carne I, D’Arcangelo Micol, Montagna P, Giroletti E, et al. A tri-modal tissue-equivalent anthropomorphic phantom for PET, CT and multi-parametric MRI radiomics. Physica Medica. 2022;98:28–39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejmp.2022.04.007</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tello LH. Burns in Small Animals. Proceedings of 38th World Congress of World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA), Auckland, New Zealand. March 2013. https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=5709840&amp;pid=11372&amp; (accessed: 16.08.2023).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tello LH. Burns in Small Animals. Proceedings of 38th World Congress of World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA), Auckland, New Zealand. March 2013. https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?id=5709840&amp;pid=11372&amp; (accessed: 16.08.2023).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chogan F, Chen Y, Wood F, Jeschke MG. Skin Tissue Engineering Advances in Burns: A Brief Introduction to the Past, the Present, and the Future Potential. Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research. 2023;44(Suppl_1):S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac127</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chogan F, Chen Y, Wood F, Jeschke MG. Skin Tissue Engineering Advances in Burns: A Brief Introduction to the Past, the Present, and the Future Potential. Journal of Burn Care &amp; Research. 2023;44(Suppl_1):S1–S4. https://doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/irac127</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golovin SN, Kirichenko EY, Khanukaev MM, Logvinov AK. 3D Bioprinting of Hybrid Cultured Meat from Rabbit Cells and Sunflower Protein. Foods and Raw Materials. 2026;14(1):52–60. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2026-1-659</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovin SN, Kirichenko EY, Khanukaev MM, Logvinov AK. 3D Bioprinting of Hybrid Cultured Meat from Rabbit Cells and Sunflower Protein. Foods and Raw Materials. 2026;14(1):52–60. https://doi.org/10.21603/2308-4057-2026-1-659</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lund P, Pilgaard L, Duroux M, Fink T, Zachar V. Effect of Growth Media and Serum Replacements on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cytotherapy. 2009;11(2):189–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/14653240902736266</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lund P, Pilgaard L, Duroux M, Fink T, Zachar V. Effect of Growth Media and Serum Replacements on the Proliferation and Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stem Cells. Cytotherapy. 2009;11(2):189–197. https://doi.org/10.1080/14653240902736266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freshney RI. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. 2010; 732 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470649367</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freshney RI. Culture of Animal Cells: A Manual of Basic Technique and Specialized Applications. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Inc. 2010; 732 p. https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470649367</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nabiullina R, Golovin S, Kirichenko E, Petrushan M, Logvinov A, Kaplya M, et al. 3D Bioprinting of Cultivated Meat Followed by the Development of a Fine-Tuned YOLO Model for the Detection and Counting of Lipoblasts, Fibroblasts, and Myogenic Cells. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition). 2025;30(3):36266. https://doi.org/10.31083/FBL36266</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nabiullina R, Golovin S, Kirichenko E, Petrushan M, Logvinov A, Kaplya M, et al. 3D Bioprinting of Cultivated Meat Followed by the Development of a Fine-Tuned YOLO Model for the Detection and Counting of Lipoblasts, Fibroblasts, and Myogenic Cells. Frontiers in Bioscience (Landmark Edition). 2025;30(3):36266. https://doi.org/10.31083/FBL36266</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hernandez-Verdun D, Roussel P, Thiry M, Sirri V, Lafontaine DL. The Nucleolus: Structure/Function Relationship in RNA Metabolism. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA. 2010;1(3):415–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.39</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hernandez-Verdun D, Roussel P, Thiry M, Sirri V, Lafontaine DL. The Nucleolus: Structure/Function Relationship in RNA Metabolism. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: RNA. 2010;1(3):415–431. https://doi.org/10.1002/wrna.39</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grummt I. The Nucleolus—Guardian of Cellular Homeostasis and Genome Integrity. Chromosoma. 2013;122(6):487–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-013-0430-0</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grummt I. The Nucleolus—Guardian of Cellular Homeostasis and Genome Integrity. Chromosoma. 2013;122(6):487–497. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00412-013-0430-0</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubois ML, Boisvert FM. The Nucleolus: Structure and Function. In book: Bazett-Jones D, Dellaire G (Eds.). The Functional Nucleus. Cham: Springer; 2016. P. 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38882-3_2</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubois ML, Boisvert FM. The Nucleolus: Structure and Function. In book: Bazett-Jones D, Dellaire G (Eds.). The Functional Nucleus. Cham: Springer; 2016. P. 29–49. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-38882-3_2</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Csala M, Bánhegyi G, Benedetti A. Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Metabolic Compartment. FEBS Letters. 2006;580(9):2160–2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.050</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Csala M, Bánhegyi G, Benedetti A. Endoplasmic Reticulum: A Metabolic Compartment. FEBS Letters. 2006;580(9):2160–2165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.febslet.2006.03.050</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang H, Zhang X, Xiu T, Wang H, Li P, Tang B. Fluorescence Probes for Sensing and Imaging within Golgi Apparatus. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2024;502:215618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2023.21</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang H, Zhang X, Xiu T, Wang H, Li P, Tang B. Fluorescence Probes for Sensing and Imaging within Golgi Apparatus. Coordination Chemistry Reviews, 2024;502:215618. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccr.2023.21</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
