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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2025-24-4-43-54</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2090</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАТОЛОГИЯ ЖИВОТНЫХ, МОРФОЛОГИЯ, ФИЗИОЛОГИЯ, ФАРМАКОЛОГИЯ И ТОКСИКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ANIMAL PATHOLOGY, MORPHOLOGY, PHYSIOLOGY, PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Исследование морфофункционального состояния легких и центральных органов детоксикации джунгарских хомячков (Phodopus sungorus)  при длительном воздействии аэрозоля электронных сигарет</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Study on Morphofunctional State of Djungarian Hamster (Phodopus Sungorus) Lungs  and Main Organs of Detoxification under Long-Term Exposure to E-Cigarette Aerosol</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5076-2113</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сахаров</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sakharov</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андрей Валентинович Сахаров, доктор биологических наук, доцент, заведующий кафедрой биологии и экологии</p><p>630126, г. Новосибирск, ул. Вилюйская, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andrey V. Sakharov, Dr.Sci.(Biology), Associate Professor, Head of the Biology and Ecology, Department</p><p>28, Vilyuyskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7137-2424</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бырдина</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Byrdina</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Виталина Игоревна Бырдина, кандидат биологических наук, доцент кафедры биологии и экологии Института естественных и социально-экономических наук </p><p>630126, г. Новосибирск, ул. Вилюйская, 28</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vitalina I. Byrdina, Cand.Sci.(Biology), Associate Professor of the Biology and Ecology Department of the Institute of Natural and Socio-Economic Sciences</p><p>28, Vilyuyskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630126</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Задубровский</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadubrovsky</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Павел Александрович Задубровский, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории структуры и динамики популяций позвоночных животных; преподаватель кафедры биологии и экологии </p><p>630126, г. Новосибирск, ул. Вилюйская, 28</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Pavel A. Zadubrovsky, Cand.Sci.(Biology), Senior Research Associate at the Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Vertebrate Animal Populations, Lecturer of the Biology and Ecology  Department </p><p>28, Vilyuyskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630126</p><p>11, Frunze Str., Novosibirsk, 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">etolog@mail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6941-7566</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Задубровская</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zadubrovskaya</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Инна Валерьевна Задубровская, кандидат биологических наук, старший научный сотрудник Лаборатории структуры и динамики популяций позвоночных животных; доцент кафедры биологии и экологии </p><p>630126, г. Новосибирск, ул. Вилюйская, 28</p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Inna V. Zadubrovskaya, Cand.Sci. (Biology), Senior Research Associate at the Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Vertebrate Animal Populations; Associate Professor of the Biology and Ecology Department </p><p>28, Vilyuyskaya Str., Novosibirsk, 630126</p><p>11, Frunze Str., Novosibirsk, 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">inna_zadubrovskaya@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8435-7482</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Потапова</surname><given-names>О. Ф.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Potapova</surname><given-names>O. F.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ольга Федоровна Потапова, научный сотрудник Лаборатории структуры и динамики популяций позвоночных животных </p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Olga F. Potapova, Research Associate at the Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Vertebrate Animal Populations</p><p>11, Frunze Str., Novosibirsk, 630091</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ofpotapova@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8672-7216</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кондратюк</surname><given-names>Е. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kondratyuk</surname><given-names>E. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Екатерина Юрьевна Кондратюк, кандидат биологических наук, научный сотрудник </p><p>630117, г. Новосибирск, ул. Арбузова, 6</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterina Yu. Kondratyuk, Cand.Sci.(Biology), Research Associate </p><p>6, Arbuzov Str., Novosibirsk, 630117</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бондаренко</surname><given-names>С. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bondarenko</surname><given-names>S. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сергей Сергеевич Бондаренко, аспирант </p><p>190013, г. Санкт-Петербург, Московский пр., 24–26/49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey S. Bondarenko, Postgraduate Degree Student</p><p>24–26/49, Moskovsky Ave., St. Petersburg, 190013</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">cergeib@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0944-5394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новиков</surname><given-names>Е. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novikov</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Евгений Анатольевич Новиков, доктор биологических наук, заведующий Лабораторией структуры и динамики популяций позвоночных животных; заведующий кафедрой экологии </p><p>630091, г. Новосибирск, ул. Фрунзе, 11</p><p>630039, г. Новосибирск, ул. Добролюбова, 160</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Evgeny A. Novikov, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Head of the Laboratory of Structure and Dynamics of Vertebrate Animal Populations; Head of the  Ecology Department</p><p>11, Frunze Str., Novosibirsk, 630091</p><p>160, Dobrolyubova Str., Novosibirsk, 630039</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">eug-nov5@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Новосибирский государственный педагогический университет;&#13;
Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Novosibirsk State Pedagogical University;&#13;
Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Научно-исследовательский институт клинической и экспериментальной лимфологии – филиал ФГБНУ &#13;
«ФИЦ ИЦиГ СО РАН»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Research Institute of Clinical and Experimental Lymрhology – Branch of Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский государственный технологический институт</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Institute of Technology</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Институт систематики и экологии животных СО РАН;&#13;
Новосибирский государственный аграрный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences;&#13;
Novosibirsk State Agrarian University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>19</day><month>01</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>24</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>43</fpage><lpage>54</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сахаров А.В., Бырдина В.И., Задубровский П.А., Задубровская И.В., Потапова О.Ф., Кондратюк Е.Ю., Бондаренко С.С., Новиков Е.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сахаров А.В., Бырдина В.И., Задубровский П.А., Задубровская И.В., Потапова О.Ф., Кондратюк Е.Ю., Бондаренко С.С., Новиков Е.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sakharov A.V., Byrdina V.I., Zadubrovsky P.A., Zadubrovskaya I.V., Potapova O.F., Kondratyuk E.Y., Bondarenko S.S., Novikov E.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2090">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2090</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Многокомпонентный состав жидкостей для электронных систем доставки никотина (ЭСДН) представляет большую опасность для экологии, так как содержит чрезвычайно токсичные вещества. Несмотря на растущую популярность этого вида курения, данных о биологических эффектах длительного влияния состава электронных сигарет и вейпов на организм животных и человека недостаточно. Цель настоящей работы — исследовать морфофункциональное состояние легких и центральных органов детоксикации джунгарских хомячков при длительном воздействии аэрозоля ЭСДН.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Работа выполнена в 2021 г. на лабораторной колонии джунгарского хомячка, содержащейся на базе ИСиЭЖ СО РАН. 36 хомячков разделили на две группы. Животных опытной группы (10 самок и 10 самцов) в течение 80 дней подвергали воздействию пара, полученного при нагревании жидкости X-3 Yoghurt Pear. Процедуру проводили каждый день в течение 10 мин, по 2 раза с интервалом в 2 ч. Хомячков контрольной группы (8 самцов и 8 самок) помещали в затравочные камеры, но не подвергали воздействию пара. По завершении 80 дней эксперимента производили декапитацию животных и забор органов для изготовления микросрезов. Обзорные препараты окрашивали гематоксилином Бемера и эозином. Распределение коллагена определяли по методу Маллори. Гистологические препараты органов изучали в проходящем свете с помощью микроскопа.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. У животных опытной группы в результате экспозиции токсичным паром выявлено наличие гомогенного вещества черного цвета среди клеток эпителия бронхов и в интерстиции альвеолярных мешочков. В паренхиме легкого обнаружены признаки развивающейся интерстициальной пневмонии, ателектаза и эмфиземы, обструктивного бронхита, что свидетельствует о нарушении вентиляционно-перфузионных отношений в легочной ткани и газообмена. В почках локализация гомогенного вещества отмечена в просвете канальцев нефрона. На светооптическом уровне основные признаки летального повреждения характерны для клеток нефротелия. Ярко выраженная дилатация капилляров почечного клубочка в совокупности со снижением площади почечных телец практически в 2 раза, по сравнению с контрольными образцами, указывает на нарушение гемодинамики и реабсорбционно-фильтрационной функции почек. В печени высокий уровень локализации гибнущих апоптозом темных гепатоцитов центролобулярной зоны дольки, эволюционно приспособленных к детоксикации, указывает на причастность к этому процессу токсических веществ, поступающих в печень с кровью.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. В ходе эксперимента доказано общепатогенное воздействие аэрозоля ЭСДН на легкие и органы детоксикации животных при длительном применении. Подобные исследование необходимы в условиях наблюдающегося роста потребления данных средств доставки никотина на мировом рынке.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The liquids of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS), which have the multi-component composition, represent a major environmental hazard, as they contain extremely toxic substances. Although the popularity of this form of smoking grows, the data on the biological effects of long-term exposure of animals and humans to e-cigarette and vape components are insufficient. The aim of the present study is to investigate the morphofunctional state of the lungs and main organs of detoxification in Djungarian hamsters under long-term exposure to ENDS aerosol.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in 2021 in the colony of laboratory Djungarian hamsters kept at the Institute of Systematics and Ecology of Animals SA RAS. Thirty-six hamsters were divided into two groups. During 80 days, animals in the experimental group (10 females and 10 males) were exposed to vapour from heating the X-3 Yoghurt Pear liquid. The procedure was performed twice a day for 10 minutes, with a 2-hour interval. Hamsters in the control group (8 males and 8 females) were placed in exposure chambers but were not exposed to vapour. At the end of the 80-day experiment, the animals were decapitated, and organs were collected for preparing thin histological sections. The specimens were stained with Boehmer’s hematoxylin and eosin. Collagen distribution was determined using the Mallory method. Histological specimens of organs were examined under transmission light microscope</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. In experimental animals exposed to toxic vapour, a homogeneous black substance was detected in bronchial epithelial cells and in the alveolar interstitium. In the lung parenchyma, signs of developing interstitial pneumonia, atelectasis, emphysema, and obstructive bronchitis were detected, indicating impaired ventilation-perfusion relationships in the lung tissue and gas exchange disorder. In the kidneys, the homogeneous substance was localized in the lumen of renal tubules. Light optical microscopy revealed the main signs of lethal damage in renal epithelial cells. Strongly expressed dilation of the renal glomerular capillaries, coupled with a nearly 2-fold reduction in the surface area of renal corpuscles compared to control samples, indicates impaired hemodynamics and disrupted renal reabsorption-filtration function. Regarding the liver, a high level of localization of evolutionarily adapted to detoxification dark hepatocytes dying by apoptosis in the centrilobular region of the lobule, indicates the involvement of toxic substances in this process, which enter the liver with the blood.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. The experiment demonstrated the general pathogenic effects of ENDS aerosol on the lungs and organs of detoxification in animals after long-term exposure to it. Such studies are necessary in the context of the observed growth of consumption of the nicotine delivery systems at the global market. </p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>электронные системы доставки никотина</kwd><kwd>ЭСДН</kwd><kwd>аэрозоль электронных сигарет</kwd><kwd>вейпы</kwd><kwd>джунгарские хомячки</kwd><kwd>длительное воздействие</kwd><kwd>морфофункциональные изменения</kwd><kwd>лёгкие и органы детоксикации</kwd><kwd>почечная недоста-точность</kwd><kwd>апоптоз гепатоцитов</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>electronic nicotine delivery systems</kwd><kwd>ENDS</kwd><kwd>e-cigarette aerosol</kwd><kwd>vapes</kwd><kwd>Djungarian hamsters</kwd><kwd>long-term exposure</kwd><kwd>morphofunctional changes</kwd><kwd>lungs and organs of detoxification</kwd><kwd>renal failure</kwd><kwd>hepatocyte apoptosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках Федеральной программы фундаментальных научных исследований на 2021–2025 гг. FWGS -2021-0003.</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out in the frame of the Federal Program for Fundamental Scientific Research for 2021–2025 FWGS-2021-0003.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Рудаков Н.А. История создания и продвижения электронных сигарет. Бизнес-образование в экономике знаний. 2019;1(12):76–82.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rudakov NA. The History of the Creation and Promotion of Electronic Cigarettes. Biznes-obrazovanie v ehkonomike znanii (Business Education in the Knowledge Economy). 2019;1(12):76–82. (In Russ.)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Оксузян А.В., Дубинин О.А., Халиуллина К.Р. 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