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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2026-25-1-17-25</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">ASCIVC</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2127</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ПАРАЗИТОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>PARASITOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Малый прудовик (Lymnaea truncatula) и его роль в распространении трематодозов. Ситуация в Калужской области. Обзор научной литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Small Pond Snail (Lymnaea truncatula) and Its Role in Spreading Trematodiases. The Situation in the Kaluga Region: Literature Review</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0004-4882-0224</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Морозов</surname><given-names>Я. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Morozov</surname><given-names>Yaroslav S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ярослав Станиславович Морозов, ветеринарный врач, аспирант Института естествознания, кафедры биологии и экологии,</p><p>248023, г. Калуга, ул. Степана Разина, д. 26</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yaroslav S. Morozov, Veterinarian, Postgraduate Student of the Department of Biology and Ecology, Institute of Natural Sciences,</p><p>26, Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga, 248023.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">13579adh@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1868-7464</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Никанорова</surname><given-names>А. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nikanorova</surname><given-names>Anna M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анна Михайловна Никанорова, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор кафедры биологии и экологии,</p><p>248023, г. Калуга, ул. Степана Разина, д. 26.</p><p>Web of Science ResearcherID: AAM-2854-2020.</p><p>Scopus ID: 57196480117.</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anna M. Nikanorova, Dr.Sci. (Biology), Professor of the Department of Biology and Ecology,</p><p>26, Stepan Razin Str., Kaluga, 248023.</p><p>Web of Science ResearcherID: AAM-2854-2020.</p><p>Scopus ID: 57196480117.</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">annushkanikanorova@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский государственный университет имени К.Э. Циолковского</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga State University named after K.E. Tsiolkovsky</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>05</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>17</fpage><lpage>25</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Морозов Я.С., Никанорова А.М., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Морозов Я.С., Никанорова А.М.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Morozov Y.S., Nikanorova A.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2127">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2127</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Малый прудовик (Lymnaea truncatula) выступает не только как биологический переносчик отдельных видов гельминтов, но и как универсальный промежуточный хозяин, обеспечивающий циркуляцию широкого спектра трематод. Большое число этих паразитов характеризуется выраженной эпизоотологической и эпидемиологической значимостью, представляя угрозу для здоровья человека и сельскохозяйственных животных. Цель обзора — обобщить имеющиеся данные экологии, паразитологии, ветеринарии и эпидемиологии, касающиеся L. truncatula и его роли в распространении трематодозов, в частности, в условиях Калужской области.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Использованы базы данных Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, РИНЦ и др. Отбор публикаций на русском и английском языках проводился за период 2010–2023 гг. по ключевым словам: L. truncatula, трематодозы, фасциолёз, дикроцелиоз, Калужская область. Исключены статьи без рецензирования и данные без статистической проверки. Результаты отбора оформлены в виде блок-схемы PRISMA.</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Установлено, что малый прудовик играет ключевую роль в передаче фасциолёза, а также потенциально вовлечён в циркуляцию других трематодозов. Основными факторами передачи инвазии являются гидротермический режим, высокая влагоемкость почв, интенсивность выпаса скота и состояние мелиоративных систем. В Калужской области плотность популяций моллюска в пойменных биотопах достигает 60–70 экз./м², а уровень их зараженности — 23%, что создает устойчивые очаги инвазии. Периоды наибольшей эпизоотической опасности — июнь-сентябрь. Эффективный контроль и профилактика трематодозов в регионе требует интегрированного подхода, сочетающего мелиоративные мероприятия, применение моллюскоцидов и современных систем мониторинга, а также системного взаимодействия специалистов ветеринарных служб, аграрных предприятий и научных учреждений.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. При интерпретации результатов настоящего обзора необходимо учитывать ряд ограничений, характерных для работ данного типа: риск необъективной оценки исследований, связанный с тем, что в анализируемых базах данных преобладают публикации с положительными или статистически значимыми результатами; неоднородность включенных исследований, затрудняющих прямое сопоставление данных; географическую и временную ограниченность данных по региону и др. Перспективными направлениями для дальнейших исследований являются: изучение влияния микробиома моллюсков на их устойчивость к заражению; оценка эффективности новых биологических методов контроля; исследование влияния климатических изменений на паразитарные системы. Полученные данные позволят разработать научно обоснованную систему контроля трематодозов, адаптированную к условиям Калужской области.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Introduction</title><p>Introduction. The small pond snail (Lymnaea truncatula) acts not only as a vector for certain species of helminths but also as a universal intermediate host ensuring the circulation of a wide range of trematodes. The increased number of these parasites is a matter of significant epizootological and epidemiological concern as they are posing a threat to the health of humans and farm animals. The aim of the present review is to summarize the available ecology, parasitology, veterinary and epidemiology science data regarding L. truncatula and its role in spreading the trematodiases, particularly in the Kaluga Region.</p></sec><sec><title>Materials and Methods</title><p>Materials and Methods. The following science citation databases were used: Google Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, CyberLeninka, Russian Index of Science Citation (RISC/РИНЦ), and others. The publications in Russian and English of the period of 2010–2023 were selected by the keywords: L. truncatula, trematodiases, fascioliasis, dicrocoeliasis, Kaluga Region. Articles that were not peer-reviewed and data without statistical verification were excluded. The results were presented in a PRISMA flow chart.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>Results. It has been established that the small pond snail plays a key role in the transmission of fascioliasis and is also potentially involved in the spread of other trematodiases. The main factors affecting spreading the infestation include hydrothermal conditions, high soil water capacity, livestock grazing intensity, and the state of melioration system. In the Kaluga Region, the mollusk population density in floodplain biotopes reaches 60–70 specimens/m², and the infestation rate reaches 23%, which creates the stable foci of infestation. The periods of greatest epizootic danger last from June to September. For the efficient control and prevention of trematodiases in the region, a comprehensive approach is required, which combines reclamation works, the use of molluscicides, and modern monitoring systems, as well as systemic collaboration between the specialists of veterinary, agricultural and research institutions.</p><p>Discussion and Conclusion. When interpreting the results of the present review, it is necessary to remember the limitations typical for this type of research: the risk of biased evaluation of studies due to the predominance of the publications with positive or statistically significant results in the analysed citation databases; the heterogeneity of the included studies, which complicates direct data comparison; the geographical and temporal limitations of data by region, etc. The following areas of research  can be of potential importance in the future: studying the influence of the mollusk microbiome on their resistance to infestation; evaluating the efficiency of new biological control methods; and studying the impact of climate changes on parasitic systems. The data obtained will enable the development of a scientifically based trematodiases control system adapted to the Kaluga Region conditions.</p></sec></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>обзор научной литературы</kwd><kwd>малый прудовик</kwd><kwd>Lymnaea truncatula</kwd><kwd>трематодозы</kwd><kwd>фасциолёз</kwd><kwd>дикроцелиоз</kwd><kwd>Калужская область</kwd><kwd>промежуточные хозяева</kwd><kwd>эпизоотологический мониторинг</kwd><kwd>меры борьбы</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>literature review</kwd><kwd>small pond snail</kwd><kwd>Lymnaea truncatula</kwd><kwd>trematodiases</kwd><kwd>fascioliasis</kwd><kwd>dicrocoeliasis</kwd><kwd>Kaluga Region</kwd><kwd>intermediate hosts</kwd><kwd>epizootological monitoring</kwd><kwd>control measures</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Кантор Ю.И., Сысоев А.В. 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