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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2026-25-2-7-13</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">YNAJTZ</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2144</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патология животных, морфология, физиология, фармакология и токсикология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal pathology, morphology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Взаимосвязь экспрессии каспазы-3 и -6 с морфологическими изменениями в почках коров</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>The Relationship between Caspase-3, -6 Expression and Morphological Changes in Kidneys of Cows</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4358-5219</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петрова</surname><given-names>И. М.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrova</surname><given-names>I. M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петрова Ирина Михайловна, лаборант Отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p><p>620142, г. Екатеринбург, а/я 269, ул. Белинского, 112а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina M. Petrova, Laboratory Technician of the Genomic Research and Animal Breeding Department</p><p>112a, Belinsky Str., P.O. Box 269, Ekaterinburg, 620142</p><p>Scopus ID: 56909627100</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marygane6@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3622-3770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Бытов</surname><given-names>М. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bytov</surname><given-names>M. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Бытов Максим Владимирович, аспирант, младший научный сотрудник Отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p><p>620142, г. Екатеринбург, а/я 269, ул. Белинского, 112а</p><p>ResearcherIDGLT-6050-2022</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Maksim V. Bytov, Postgraduate Student, Junior Research Associate of the Genomic Research and Animal Breeding Department</p><p>112a, Belinsky Str., P.O. Box 269, Ekaterinburg, 620142</p><p>ResearcherIDGLT-6050-2022</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">bytovmaks@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5921-6680</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хацко</surname><given-names>С. Л.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Khatsko</surname><given-names>S. L.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Хацко Сергей Леонидович, лаборант Отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p><p>620142, г. Екатеринбург, а/я 269, ул. Белинского, 112а</p><p>Scopus ID: 57202121635</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey L. Khatsko, Laboratory Technician of the Genomic Research and Animal Breeding Department</p><p>112a, Belinsky Str., P.O. Box 269, Ekaterinburg, 620142</p><p>Scopus ID: 57202121635</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hardscore@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0284-0276</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Зубарева</surname><given-names>В. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zubareva</surname><given-names>V. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Зубарева Владлена Дмитриевна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, старший научный сотрудник Отдела геномных исследований и селекции животных</p><p>620142, г. Екатеринбург, а/я 269, ул. Белинского, 112а</p><p><ext-link xlink:href="http://www.scopus.com/inward/authorDetails.url?authorID=57719695400&amp;partnerID=MN8TOARS" ext-link-type="uri">Scopus Author ID: 57719695400</ext-link></p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vladlena D. Zubareva, Cand.Sci. (Veterinary), Senior Research Associate of the Genomic Research and Animal Breeding Department</p><p>112a, Belinsky Str., P.O. Box 269, Ekaterinburg, 620142</p><p>Scopus ID: 57719695400</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zzub97@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9689-1781</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Дроздова</surname><given-names>Л. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Drozdova</surname><given-names>L. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Дроздова Людмила Ивановна, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, ведущий научный сотрудник Отдела экологии и незаразной патологии животных</p><p>620142, г. Екатеринбург, а/я 269, ул. Белинского, 112а</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Lyudmila I. Drozdova, Dr.Sci. (Veterinary), Professor, Lead Research Associate of the Ecology and Noncontagious Animal Pathology Department</p><p>112a, Belinsky Str., P.O. Box 269, Ekaterinburg, 620142</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">drozdova43@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0025-3545</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шкуратова</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shkuratova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шкуратова Ирина Алексеевна, член-корреспондент РАН, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор, главный научный сотрудник Отдела экологии и незаразной патологии животных</p><p>620142, г. Екатеринбург, а/я 269, ул. Белинского, 112а</p><p>Scopus ID: 57192078535</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina A. Shkuratova, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Dr.Sci. (Veterinary), Professor, Chief Research Associate of the Ecology and Noncontagious Animal Pathology Department</p><p>112a, Belinsky Str., P.O. Box 269, Ekaterinburg, 620142</p><p>Scopus ID: 57192078535</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">shkuratova@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Уральский федеральный аграрный научно-исследовательский центр Уральского отделения Российской академии наук</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>7</fpage><lpage>13</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Петрова И.М., Бытов М.В., Хацко С.Л., Зубарева В.Д., Дроздова Л.И., Шкуратова И.А., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Петрова И.М., Бытов М.В., Хацко С.Л., Зубарева В.Д., Дроздова Л.И., Шкуратова И.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Petrova I.M., Bytov M.V., Khatsko S.L., Zubareva V.D., Drozdova L.I., Shkuratova I.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2144">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2144</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Почки коров подвержены воздействию факторов промышленного содержания, что проявляется развитием различных нефропатий, оказывающих системное действие на организм. Почки — основной орган, обеспечивающий гомеостаз путем регуляции осмолярности, минерального и кислотно-основного состояния организма посредством экскреции воды и неорганических электролитов. Патология почек зачастую носит латентный характер и диагностируется постмортально. У лактирующих коров в связи с высокой метаболической нагрузкой часто выявляются значительные деструктивные изменения, проявляющиеся в том числе гибелью клеток. Одним из путей в сложном каскаде сигналинга апоптоза является каспазный. К сожалению, на сегодняшний день для крупного рогатого скота экспрессия ферментов-каспаз в почках не описана. Цель работы — описание взаимосвязи экспрессии каспазы-3 и каспазы-6 с патологическими изменениями в почках высокопродуктивных коров.Материалы и методы. Морфологическое исследование образцов почек высокопродуктивных коров (4–6 лактаций, возраст 7-8 лет, n=4) проведено в ФГБНУ УрФАНИЦ УрО РАН в период с 2023 по 2025 г. Использованы стандартные методы гистотехники с окрашиванием препаратов гематоксилином и эозином, а также по Маллори. Проведено иммуногистохимическое исследование образцов с антителами к каспазе-3 и -6.Результаты исследования. Выявлено, что у коров в возрасте 7-8 лет в почках развиваются деструктивные процессы в виде почечной недостаточности, воспалительных реакций, склеротических и микроциркуляторных изменений. Обнаруженные явления ассоциированы с высокой экспрессией каспазы-6 на уровне почечных канальцев, что подтверждает повреждение почечной паренхимы. Каспаза-3 экспрессируется преимущественно в канальцах почки, а также в элементах ее стромы, что указывает на интенсификацию апоптических процессов по всему органу.Обсуждение и заключение. Обнаруженные деструктивные процессы в почках высокопродуктивных коров ассоциированы, вероятно, не только с возрастом, но также с высокой метаболической нагрузкой на организм во время лактаций. Полученные данные обосновывают дальнейшее изучение проапоптических факторов в свете их влияния на развитие различных патологий у крупного рогатого скота.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Cow kidneys are exposed to the impact of industrial factors, which is manifested in development of the various nephropathies with systemic effects on organism. The kidneys are the main organs responsible for homeostasis by regulating osmolarity, mineral balance, and acid-base balance in organism through the excretion of water and inorganic electrolytes. Renal pathology often has latent character and is diagnosed postmortem. Significant destructive changes, including cell death, are often detected in lactating cows due to high metabolic load they undergo. Caspase pathway is one of the pathways in the complex apoptotic signaling cascade. Unfortunately, the expression of caspases in bovine kidneys has not been yet described in the literature. The aim of the study is to describe the relationship between the expression of caspase-3 and caspase-6 and the pathological changes in the kidneys of high-yielding cows.Materials and Methods. A morphological study of renal samples from high-yielding cows (4–6 lactations, 7–8 years old, n=4) was conducted at the Ural Federal Agrarian Scientific Research Center, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences in the period from 2023 to 2025. Standard histological techniques including hematoxylin and eosin staining and Mallory’s trichrome staining were used. Immunohistochemical analysis of the samples using antibodies to caspase-3, and -6 was performed.Results. It was found that in the kidneys of 7–8-year-old cows there develop the destructive processes including renal failure, inflammatory reactions, and sclerotic and microcirculatory disorders. The observed conditions are associated with high expression of caspase-6 at the level of the renal tubules, which confirms damage to the renal parenchyma. Caspase-3 is expressed primarily in the renal tubules and in renal stroma elements, which indicates intensification of apoptotic processes across the entire organ.Discussion and Conclusion. The destructive processes revealed in the kidneys of high-yielding cows are likely to be associated not only with the age but also with the high metabolic load imposed on the organism during lactation. The research findings substantiate the need for further study of pro-apoptotic factors due to their influence on the development of various pathologies in cattle.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>каспаза-3</kwd><kwd>каспаза-6</kwd><kwd>апоптоз</kwd><kwd>коровы</kwd><kwd>нефросклероз</kwd><kwd>поликистоз</kwd><kwd>почки</kwd><kwd>морфологическое исследование</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>caspase-3</kwd><kwd>caspase-6</kwd><kwd>apoptosis</kwd><kwd>cows</kwd><kwd>nephrosclerosis</kwd><kwd>polycystic kidney disease</kwd><kwd>morphological study</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Работа выполнена в рамках проекта Российского научного фонда 2023 г. «Пространственная характеристика транскриптомных и метаболомных особенностей преждевременной структурно-функциональной дегенерации тканей органов сельскохозяйственных животных и птицы» (№ 23-16-00117).</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The work was carried out in the frame of the Russian Science Foundation project No. 23-16-00117 of 2023 “Spatial characterization of transcriptomic and metabolomic features of premature structural and functional degeneration of tissues in farm animal and poultry organs”.</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Евглевский А.А., Евглевская Е.П., Михайлова И.И., Ванина Н.В., Ерыженская Н.Ф., Сулейманова Т.А. 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