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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2026-25-2-44-53</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HBFYFA</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2148</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Патология животных, морфология, физиология, фармакология и токсикология</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Animal pathology, morphology, physiology, pharmacology and toxicology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Сравнение диагностической точности полуавтоматического и экспертного измерения кардиовертебрального индекса у кошек и собак: первый этап валидации «Десктопного приложения для автоматизации расчета VHS на основе рентгенограмм»</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Comparison of the Diagnostic Accuracy of Semiautomated and Expert-Based Calculation of the Vertebral Heart Score in Cats and Dogs: First Stage Validation of the “Desktop Application for Automation of the VHS Calculation Based on Radiographs”</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шмаренкова</surname><given-names>Ю. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Shmarenkova</surname><given-names>Yu. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шмаренкова Юлия Сергеевна, старший преподаватель кафедры ветеринарии и физиологии животных факультета ветеринарной медицины и зоотехнии</p><p>248007, г. Калуга, ул. Вишневского, д. 27</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Yulia S. Shmarenkova, Senior Lecturer of the Veterinary Medicine and Animal Physiology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science</p><p>27, Vishnevsky Str., Kaluga, 248007</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">1shmarenkova_11@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6822-0013</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акчурин</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akchurin</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акчурин Сергей Владимирович, доктор ветеринарных наук, профессор кафедры ветеринарной медицины института зоотехнии и биологии</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sergey V. Akchurin, Dr.Sci. (Veterinary), Professor of the Veterinary Medicine Department, Institute of Animal Science and Biology</p><p>49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sakchurin@rgaumsha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7842-1708</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Титов</surname><given-names>А. Д.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Titov</surname><given-names>A. D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Титов Артем Денисович, ассистент кафедры статистики и кибернетики института экономики и управления</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Artem D. Titov, Assistant at the Statistics and Cybernetics Department, Institute of Economics and Management of Agroindustrial Complex</p><p>49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">a.titov@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0506-1200</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демичев</surname><given-names>В. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demichev</surname><given-names>V. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демичев Вадим Владимирович, доцент, кандидат экономических наук, доцент кафедры статистики и кибернетики института экономики и управления</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vadim V. Demichev, Cand.Sci. (Economics), Associate Professor of the Statistics and Cybernetics Department, Institute of Economics and Management of Agroindustrial Complex</p><p>49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demichev_v@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1975-2929</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акчурина</surname><given-names>И. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Akchurina</surname><given-names>I. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Акчурина Ирина Владимировна, кандидат ветеринарных наук, доцент кафедры ветеринарной медицины института зоотехнии и биологии</p><p>127434, г. Москва, ул. Тимирязевская, д. 49</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Irina V. Akchurina, Cand.Sci. (Veterinary), Associate Professor of the Veterinary Medicine Department, Institute of Animal Science and Biology</p><p>49, Timiryazevskaya Str., Moscow, 127434</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">akchurinaiv@rgau-msha.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Калужский филиал Российского государственного аграрного университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kaluga Branch of Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Российский государственный аграрный университет – МСХА им. К.А. Тимирязева</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Russian State Agrarian University – Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>44</fpage><lpage>53</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Шмаренкова Ю.С., Акчурин С.В., Титов А.Д., Демичев В.В., Акчурина И.В., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Шмаренкова Ю.С., Акчурин С.В., Титов А.Д., Демичев В.В., Акчурина И.В.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Shmarenkova Y.S., Akchurin S.V., Titov A.D., Demichev V.V., Akchurina I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2148">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2148</self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Введение</title><p>Введение. Болезни сердца являются одной из основных причин смертности мелких домашних животных. Расчет кардиовертебрального индекса (КВИ, VHS) — метод оценки увеличения силуэта сердца на рентгенограммах и прогнозирования развития застойной сердечной недостаточности. Однако традиционное ручное измерение КВИ сопряжено с высокой межнаблюдательной вариабельностью, субъективностью и значительными временными затратами. Для повышения доступности объективного кардиологического скрининга в рутинной клинической практике авторами было разработано десктопное приложение для автоматизации расчета КВИ на основе технологий искусственного интеллекта (ИИ), позволяющее стандартизировать оценку, минимизировать человеческий фактор и ускорить обработку рентгенограмм. Цель данного пилотного исследования — провести первый этап валидации приложения и сравнить диагностическую точность двух способов измерения КВИ — полуавтоматического и экспертного.</p></sec><sec><title>Материалы и методы</title><p>Материалы и методы. Для анализа сформирована сбалансированная выборка — по 30 рентгенограмм грудной клетки собак и кошек в правой боковой проекции, отобранных методом простой случайной выборки. Предварительная ручная аннотация изображений выполнена по методике Buchanan &amp; Bücheler: два ветеринарных врача визуальной диагностики по рентгенограммам определяли короткую и длинную оси сердца и далее сопоставляли их относительно позвоночного столба. Для полуавтоматического расчёта КВИ использовали авторское «Десктопное приложение для автоматизации расчета кардиовертебрального индекса (VHS) на основе рентгенограмм», разработанное на основе свёрточной нейронной сети. Валидация включала сравнение результатов двух способов расчета КВИ с учетом коэффициента внутриклассовой корреляции (ICC).</p></sec><sec><title>Результаты исследования</title><p>Результаты исследования. Установлено, что «Десктопное приложение для автоматизации расчета кардиовертебрального индекса (VHS) на основе рентгенограмм» обеспечивает высокоточное и воспроизводимое автоматическое измерение КВИ на боковых рентгенограммах грудной клетки у собак и кошек. При этом оно имеет статистически высокое соответствие с измерением, полученным ветеринарными врачами визуальной диагностики (ICC≥0,97), причем на расчет затрачено меньше времени.</p></sec><sec><title>Обсуждение и заключение</title><p>Обсуждение и заключение. Первый этап валидации приложения продемонстрировал отличную степень согласия между ИИ и двумя специалистами, поэтому предложенный подход представляет собой перспективный вспомогательный инструмент для врачей общей практики. Текущее пилотное исследование имеет несколько ограничений, в частности, выполнено на относительно небольшой выборке животных и может быть недостаточным для оценки его работы в узких подгруппах (например, при специфических породах или выраженной кардиомегалии). Для подтверждения клинической значимости требуются дальнейшие исследования на более крупных и гетерогенных когортах, включая пациентов с выраженной кардиомегалией и анатомическими аномалиями.</p></sec></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Cardiac diseases are considered to be among the main causes of mortality in small domestic animals. Calculation of the vertebral heart score (VHS) is a method used to assess the cardiac silhouette enlargement on radiographs and predict the development of congestive heart failure. However, traditional manual procedure of VHS calculation is characterized by high inter-observer variability, subjectivity, and significant time-consumption. To improve the access to objective cardiac screening in every-day clinical practice, the authors has developed a desktop application for automating VHS calculation using the artificial intelligence (AI) technologies that unifies the assessment standard, minimizes human error, and accelerates processing of radiographs. The aim of the present pilot research is to conduct the first stage validation of the application and compare the diagnostic accuracy of two VHS calculation methods — semiautomated and expert-based.Materials and Methods. A balanced sample of 30 right lateral chest radiographs of dogs and cats was selected for analysis as a result of simple random sampling. Preliminary VHS was calculated by manual measurements on the radiographs by the Buchanan &amp; Bücheler method: two veterinarians specializing in visual diagnostics measured the short and long axes of the heart on the radiographs and then compared their dimensions against the spinal vertebrae. The semi-automated calculation of VHS was performed by the author-developed “Desktop application for automation of the vertebral heart score (VHS) calculation based on radiographs” using a convolutional neural network. App validation implied a comparison of the results of the two methods of VHS calculation, taking into account the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC).Results. The “Desktop application for automation of the vertebral heart score (VHS) calculation based on radiographs” has proved to perform a highly accurate and replicable automated calculation of VHS on lateral chest radiographs of dogs and cats. It also has demonstrated statistically high agreement with the calculations obtained by veterinarians specializing in visual diagnostics (ICC≥0.97), along with less time required for calculation.Discussion and Conclusion. The first stage of app validation has demonstrated an excellent agreement between the AI and two specialists’ results, therefore, the proposed approach can be deemed a future-oriented tool for general practitioners. The present pilot research has several limitations, i.e. it was conducted on a relatively small sample of animals, which may be insufficient for evaluation of app performance in narrow subgroups (e.g., in specific breeds or in severe cardiomegaly cases). Further studies in larger, more heterogeneous cohorts, including patients with severe cardiomegaly and anatomical abnormalities, are required to confirm clinical significance of the results.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>пилотное исследование</kwd><kwd>рентгенодиагностика</kwd><kwd>рентгенограмма</kwd><kwd>грудная клетка</kwd><kwd>собаки</kwd><kwd>кошки</kwd><kwd>кардиовертебральный индекс</kwd><kwd>КВИ</kwd><kwd>VHS</kwd><kwd>кардиомегалия</kwd><kwd>искусственный интеллект</kwd><kwd>десктопное приложение</kwd><kwd>валидация</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>pilot research</kwd><kwd>X-ray diagnostics</kwd><kwd>radiograph</kwd><kwd>chest</kwd><kwd>dogs</kwd><kwd>cats</kwd><kwd>vertebral heart score</kwd><kwd>VHS</kwd><kwd>cardiomegaly</kwd><kwd>artificial intelligence</kwd><kwd>desktop application</kwd><kwd>validation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ward JM, Youssef SA, Treuting PM. 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