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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.23947/2949-4826-2026-25-2-61-67</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">EUJXUX</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-2150</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Инфекционные болезни и иммунология животных</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Infectious diseases and animal immunology</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Комплексный анализ цитотоксичности генетически модифицированного штамма Lactobacillus plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007) с выявлением и оценкой факторов вирулентности</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>A Comprehensive Analysis of Cytotoxicity of Genetically Modified Lactobacillus plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007) Strain Including Identification and Evaluation of Virulence Factors</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0005-3291-1241</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самойленко</surname><given-names>В. С.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoylenko</surname><given-names>V. S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самойленко Виктор Сергеевич, кандидат ветеринарных наук, заведующий кафедрой зоологии и паразитологии</p><p>355017, г. Ставрополь, ул. Пушкина, 1,</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Viktor S. Samoylenko, Cand.Sci. (Veterinary), Head of the Department of Zoology and Parasitology</p><p>1, Pushkin Str., Stavropol, 355017</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">viktor_samoylenko_26@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Северо-Кавказский федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>North-Caucasus Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>61</fpage><lpage>67</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Самойленко В.С., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Самойленко В.С.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Samoylenko V.S.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2150">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/2150</self-uri><abstract><p>Введение. Активное развитие биотехнологий и методов генной инженерии открывает широкие перспективы для создания пробиотических штаммов с заданными функциональными свойствами, в том числе на основе бактерий рода Lactobacillus, традиционно считающихся безопасными микроорганизмами. Генетическая модификация позволяет усиливать их антагонистическую активность, устойчивость к неблагоприятным факторам среды и метаболическую эффективность. Однако вмешательство в бактериальный геном может сопровождаться риском появления нежелательных свойств, включая цитотоксичность и экспрессию факторов вирулентности. Проблема безопасности особенно актуальна в ветеринарной практике, где пробиотики широко применяются для коррекции микробиоценоза желудочно-кишечного тракта сельскохозяйственных животных и повышения их продуктивности. Цель исследования — провести комплексный анализ цитотоксичности генетически модифицированного штамма Lactobacillus plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007) с выявлением и оценкой факторов вирулентности, отвечающих за индуцирование клеточной гибели и нарушение клеточных функций.Материалы и методы. Объектом исследования, проведенного в период с января по февраль 2026 г., являлся генетически модифицированный штамм Lactobacillus plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007). Комплексный анализ его цитотоксичности с использованием методов in vitro включал: оценку цитопатического эффекта на органной культуре кишечника, влияние на жизнеспособность и метаболическую активность энтероцитов, а также состояние барьерной функции кишечного эпителия. Дополнительно выполнялся анализ потенциальных факторов вирулентности и изучались механизмы клеточной гибели, включая признаки апоптоза и некроза.Результаты исследования. Рекомбинантный штамм Lactobacillus plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007) продемонстрировал высокий профиль биологической безопасности и выраженную биологическую активность, увеличивая барьерную функцию кишечного эпителия на 15,2 %, метаболическую активность клеток на 8,7 % и одновременно снижая ранний апоптоз энтероцитов на 31,1% (p&lt;0,05), без признаков цитотоксического действия и активации каспаз-зависимой гибели клеток.Обсуждение и заключение. Проведённый комплексный анализ позволяет сделать однозначный вывод о том, что генетически модифицированный штамм L. plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007) не обладает цитотоксическим действием в условиях in vitro. Более того, по ряду параметров (метаболическая активность клеток, барьерная функция) он превосходит исходный нативный штамм, что делает его перспективным кандидатом для дальнейших доклинических и клинических исследований в качестве потенциального пробиотического средства.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Introduction. Active development of biotechnologies and genetic engineering techniques broadens the horizons for engineering the probiotic bacterial strains with tailored functional properties, including the strains based on bacteria of the genus Lactobacillus that are traditionally considered safe microorganisms. Genetic modification enhances their antagonist activity, resistance to adverse environmental factors, and boosts metabolic efficiency. However, bacterial genome editing may entail risk of introducing the undesirable traits, including cytotoxicity and expression of virulence factors. Safety concerns are particularly relevant in the frame of veterinary practice, where probiotics are widely used to correct the gastrointestinal microbiocenosis in agricultural animals and improve their productivity. The aim of the study is to conduct a comprehensive analysis of cytotoxicity of the genetically modified Lactobacillus plantarum 8PAЗ (B-11007) strain including identification and evaluation of the virulence factors responsible for inducing cell death and disruption of cellular functions.Materials and Methods. A genetically modified Lactobacillus plantarum 8PAЗ (B-11007) strain was the object of the study conducted in the period from January to February 2026. A comprehensive in vitro analysis of its cytotoxicity included: assessment of the cytopathic effect in intestinal cell culture, the effect on the viability and metabolic activity of enterocytes, and the state of intestinal epithelial barrier function. Additionally, the analysis of potential virulence factors was performed, along with the study of the mechanisms of cell death, including signs of apoptosis and necrosis.Results. The recombinant Lactobacillus plantarum 8PAЗ (B-11007) strain has demonstrated a high biological safety and pronounced biological activity, which enhanced the intestinal epithelial barrier function by 15.2%, the metabolic activity of cells by 8.7% and simultaneously reduced early apoptosis of enterocytes by 31.1% (p&lt;0.05), showing no signs of cytotoxic action or activation of caspase-dependent cell death.Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted comprehensive analysis allows making the unequivocal conclusion about genetically modified L. plantarum 8PAЗ (B-11007) strain exhibiting no cytotoxic activity in vitro. Moreover, by certain properties (cellular metabolic activity, barrier function), it exceeds the original native strain, which makes it a promising candidate for further preclinical and clinical trials as a potential probiotic agent.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>комплексный анализ</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>L. plantarum 8РАЗ (B-11007)</kwd><kwd>пробиотики</kwd><kwd>генная инженерия</kwd><kwd>цитотоксичность</kwd><kwd>органная культура кишечника</kwd><kwd>энтероциты</kwd><kwd>факторы вирулентности</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>comprehensive analysis</kwd><kwd>Lactobacillus</kwd><kwd>L. plantarum 8PAЗ (B-11007)</kwd><kwd>probiotics</kwd><kwd>genetic engineering</kwd><kwd>cyto-toxicity</kwd><kwd>intestinal cell culture</kwd><kwd>enterocytes</kwd><kwd>virulence factors</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Liu B, Zheng D, Zhou S, Chen L, Yang J. 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