At the end of the 19th century rabies was widespread in the Belgorod region. The reason for the spread were stray dogs and wolves. For the first time, rabies in animals in the veterinary reporting was point in the 1980s. As a rule, only losses of farm animals were recorded. In reports there are no cases of rabies in dogs and cats, therefore the true size of the spread of rabies is unknown. Such statistics were observed in all reports of Zemstvo›s veterinarians (Zemstvo is the elective district council in prerevolutionary Russia). In all cases, when people were bitten by rabid dogs, they were sent to Moscow and Kharkov for treatment at the expense of the Zemstvo. In the XIX century in the villages, this disease was widespread, and the population often resorted to the help of «folk healers». At the end of the XIX century in Russia there was no special legislation on infectious diseases of domestic animals, except for rinderpest. Zemsky regulations on the prevention and cessation of infectious diseases determined the statute of the medical police. The first rules on measures to prevent and stop rabies in the province were worked out by the first congress of veterinarians of the Kursk province in 1894. According to these rules, animals, sick with rabies, were immediately killed. Was years when the rabies was developed into epizootics. All this spoke about the need to take urgent measures to combat this disease.