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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">vetpatol</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Ветеринарная патология</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian Journal of Veterinary Pathology</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2949-4826</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Don State Technical University</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.25690/VETPAT.2020.72.2.002</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">vetpatol-26</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>БОЛЕЗНИ ПТИЦ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>МАКРОРХАБДОЗ - ОППОРТУНИСТИЧЕСКАЯ ИНФЕКЦИЯ ПТИЦ: ДИАГНОСТИКА И ЛЕЧЕНИЕ</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>MACRORHABDOSIS IS OPPORTUNISTIC INFECTION OF BIRDS: DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Федоров</surname><given-names>Ю. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fedorov</surname><given-names>Y. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">fun181@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Герунов</surname><given-names>В. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gerunov</surname><given-names>V. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vi.gerunov@omgau.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Велькер</surname><given-names>В. Э.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Welker</surname><given-names>V. E.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vey.velker36.06.01@omgau.org</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБНУ «Всероссийский научно-исследовательский и технологический институт биологической промышленности»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBSI «All-Russian Research and Technological Institute of Biological Industry»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>ФГБОУ ВПО «Омский государственный аграрный университет имени П. А. Столыпина»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>FSBEI of HPE «Omsk State Agrarian University named after P. A. Stolypin»</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2020</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>20</day><month>06</month><year>2020</year></pub-date><volume>0</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>76</fpage><lpage>84</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Федоров Ю.Н., Герунов В.И., Велькер В.Э., 2020</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2020</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Федоров Ю.Н., Герунов В.И., Велькер В.Э.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Fedorov Y.N., Gerunov V.I., Welker V.E.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/26">https://www.vetpat.ru/jour/article/view/26</self-uri><abstract><p>Микроорганизм Macrorhabdus ornithogaster был открыт Van Herck в 1984 году и отнесен к бактериям [1, 2], но позднее электронно-микроскопические и молекулярно-генетические исследования различных авторов позволили установить его принадлежность к дрожжам по основным характеристикам эукариотов. Анализ отечественной и зарубежной научной литературы показал, что макрорхабдоз является малоизученной болезнью экзотических и декоративных птиц. В статье обобщен и структурирован материал по распространению макрорхабдоза, прижизненной и посмертной диагностике и лечению данного заболевания. Результаты исследований многих авторов свидетельствуют о том, что болезнь относится к оппортунистическим микозам, микроорганизм локализуется у многих видов экзотических и декоративных птиц в перешейке между железистым и мускульным желудками, вызывая провентрикулит с образованием язв и гиперсекрецией слизи. При этом, отмечается лимфоплазмоцитарная инфильтрация собственной пластинки железистого желудка и перешейка, гипертрофия бокаловидных клеток [3– 8]. Болезнь протекает в острой и хронической формах и проявляется мальабсорбцией, регургитацией, диареей и прогрессирующим истощением [7–9]. Особое внимание в обзоре уделено методам диагностики болезни, а также способам лечения. Микроорганизм выявляется в нативном препарате фекалий при помощи микроскопии [7, 10–12], мазках-отпечатках фекалий с окрашиванием их по Граму или по Романовскому-Гимзе (Diff-Quik) [4, 13], а также при исследовании соскобов или смывов из железистого желудка. Приведены данные по новым методам индикации и идентификации возбудителя, а также представлены схемы лечения макрорхабдоза с использованием противогрибковых препаратов. Профилактика болезни основана на соблюдении санитарно-гигиенических норм содержания, полноценном кормлении и своевременном лечении сопутствующих заболеваний.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The microorganism Macrorhabdus ornithogaster was discovered by Van Herck in 1984 and assigned to bacteria [1, 2], but later electron microscopic and molecular genetic studies of various authors have established its belonging to yeast according to the main characteristics of eukaryotes. Analysis of domestic and foreign scientific literature has shown that macrorhabdosis is a poorly studied disease of exotic and ornamental birds. The article summarizes and structured material on the spread of macrorhabdosis, intravital and post-mortem diagnosis and treatment of this disease. The results of studies by many authors indicate that the disease belongs to opportunistic mycoses, the microorganism is localized in many species of exotic and ornamental birds in the isthmus between the glandular and muscular stomachs, causing ventriculitis with the formation of ulcers and hypersecretion of mucus. At the same time, there is a lymphoplasmocytic infiltration of the own plate of the glandular stomach and isthmus, hypertrophy of goblet cells [3-8]. The disease occurs in acute and chronic forms and is manifested by malabsorption, regurgitation, diarrhea and progressive exhaustion [7-9]. Particular attention is paid to the methods of diagnosis of the disease, as well as methods of treatment. The microorganism is detected in the native feces specimen using microscopy [7, 10-12], smear smears of feces with their staining according to Gram or Romanovsky-Giemsa (Diff-Quik) [4, 13], as well as in the study of scrapings or swabs from glandular stomach. Data on new methods of indication and identication of the pathogen are presented, as well as treatment regimens for macrorhabdosis using antifungal drugs. Prevention of the disease is based on compliance with sanitary and hygienic standards of maintenance, proper feeding and timely treatment of concomitant diseases.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>макрорхабдоз</kwd><kwd>декоративные и экзотические птицы</kwd><kwd>диагностика</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>профилактика</kwd><kwd>патоморфологические изменения</kwd><kwd>противогрибковые препараты</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</kwd><kwd>macrorhabdosis</kwd><kwd>Macrorhabdus ornithogaster</kwd><kwd>decorative and exotic birds</kwd><kwd>diagnostics</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>prevention</kwd><kwd>pathomorphological changes</kwd><kwd>antifungal drugs</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Herck H. A bacterial proventriculitis of canaries / H. Van Herck, T. Duijser, G. M. 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