Stress-Protective and Adaptogenic Effect of Succinic Acid Determined in the Experiment with Laboratory Rats Exposed to Acoustic Load

Introduction. Today, the range of anthropogenic influences on the endothermic organism, including that caused by acoustic load, is growing so significantly that makes it necessary to search for the possible ways of preventing and correcting changes induced by noise exposure. Exposure of an organism to noise is attributed with neurohumoral mechanisms disbalance leading to catecholamine concentration increase in blood. This results in the microcirculation and tissue trophism disorder, cell membrane permeability increase, changes in structural and functional properties of integral and peripheral proteins, and lipid peroxidation intensity increase with the risk of hypoxia development. Therefore, the expedience of using succinic acid as an energy corrector should be justified experimentally. The present research aims at determining the stress- and adaptogenic properties of succinic acid in laboratory rats exposed to acoustic load.
Materials and Methods. The research was conducted in the period from 2022 to 2023 at the Central Research Laboratory of the Amur State Medical Academy (Blagoveshchensk). The objects of the research were 90 white outbred male rats, divided into three groups: 1st – intact group, the animals were kept in the standard vivarium conditions and were not exposed to any influence; 2nd – control group, the animals were exposed to acoustic load daily for 60 minutes during 21 days preceded by daily intraperitoneal administration of isotonic sodium chloride solution at a dose of 1 ml/kg right before the start of acoustic loading; 3d – experimental group, prior to the acoustic loading start, the rats were daily intraperitoneally injected with succinic acid at a dose of 1 ml/kg during 21 days. The acoustic load was created by playing back through the speakers the recorded sound of a running motorcycle engine with the level of sound pressure of 95–105 dB. Stressprotective effect was determined by the weight of the adrenal glands, thymus gland, spleen and the number of gastric mucosa erosions. The adaptogenic effect of succinic acid was determined on the 7th, 14th and 21st days from the start of the experiment by the duration of rats’ swimming in the water.
Results. The data obtained during the experiment has confirmed the adaptogenic effect of succinic acid in conditions of exposure to noise — the swimming time of rats from the experimental group increased by 25% (on the 7th day), by 27% (on the 14th day), by 32% (on the 21st day) compared to the control group. The stress-protective effect of succinic acid under acoustic load was manifested in prevention of thymus gland and spleen involution, on average, by 42% by the end of the experiment; and reduction by 2.5–3.5 times throughout the experiment of the number of gastric mucosa erosions in rats from the experimental group compared to the animals from the control group.
Discussion and Conclusions. The adaptogenic and stress-protective effect of succinic acid on the organism under acoustic load has been confirmed: administering the succinate to laboratory rats exposed to noise improves their physical endurance, increases the mass coefficients of the thymus gland and spleen in the experimental group against the background of statistically significant reduction of the number of gastric mucosa erosions. This is related to normalization of the energyyielding and constructive metabolism and oxygen homeostasis, when administering the succinic acid, which ensures improvement of the compensatory and adaptive reaction capacity as a feedback to stress.

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