The Efficiency of Modeling Oxidative Stress in Rats by Exposure to Noise Compared to Exposure to Hyperthermia or Magnetic Field

Introduction. In vivo model for experimental creation of the necessary pathological processes is an important element of scientific research planning. Numerous series of experiments have demonstrated the relevance of modeling oxidative stress in laboratory rats by exposure to hyperthermia, magnetic field and noise. The problem of finding the advantages of each particular prooxidant factor in modeling stress response underlies the current experiment, and its expediency is induced by the need to generate a robust response of the prooxidant/antioxidant system, with statistically significant changes of its parameters, at various periods of time. The study aims at conducting a comparative assessment of the effect of noise, hyperthermia, and magnetic field on the intensity of lipid peroxidation processes in rats.

Materials and Methods. The study was conducted at the Research Laboratory of Amur Medical Academy in 2023–2024. The experiment involved 120 white rats divided into four equal in number groups. The animals in the first group (intact) were not subjected to any impacts; the animals in the second group (experimental group 1) were subjected to hyperthermia; the animals in the third group (experimental group 2) were exposed to magnetic field; and the animals in the fourth group (experimental group 3) were exposed to noise. On 7^th, 14^th, and 21^st days of the experiment the rats were decapitated (10 animals from each group) and their blood was sampled for analysis. Oxidative stress markers were determined using the standard techniques; the results were analysed using the Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests. The critical significance level was set to 0.05 for all assessment procedures.

Results. With regard to the influence on the accumulation degree of conjugated dienes, statistically significant advantages of noise model over the magnetic field model were recorded (p=0.000005 on 14^th  and 21^st days) and over hyperthermia model (p=0.002039 on 14^th day; p=0.001837 on 21^st day). With regard to malondialdehyde, noise exposure surpassed hyperthermia by the end of the experiment (p=0.000561). With regard to ceruloplasmin, the advantages of the noise model over hyperthermia model were established (p=0.0167980 on 7^th day; p=0.004813 on 21^st day), as well as over the magnetic field model (p=0.000005 at all control points). In relation to vitamin E, the noise model advantages over the magnetic field (p=0.000006 on 21^st day) were revealed.

Discussion and Conclusions. Significant advantages of the noise-exposure model over the hyperthermia- and magnetic-field-exposure ones in modeling the oxidative stress were established, along with the respective changes in prooxidant/antioxidant system components. By the end of the first, second, and third weeks of the experiment, the statistically significant deviation of oxidative stress markers in laboratory animals occurred under exposure to noise, unlike exposure to temperature and magnetic field. In future, studies on the acoustic load influence on the adaptive potential of warm-blooded organisms are planned to probe possible pharmacological medications to negative influence of noise.

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