The indicators reflecting the immunogenicity of the experimental avian influenza vaccine (H5) inactivated by emulsion «AviFluVak» produced by FGBI «VNIIZH», tested in 1/5 and whole doses were studied. Assessment of the post-vaccination titer of antibodies to the avian influenza virus in RTGA with the antigen of the «Yamal» strain after 21 days after vaccination were 7.2 ± 0.2 and 8.9 ± 0.3 (log₂), accordingly to the tested doses. The protective coeficients obtained in the acute experiment for both tested doses of the vaccine had the values Pr = 1 (Pr = 1 - Ef/n, where: Ef is the number of birds showing clinical signs of illness or death; n is the number of birds in this group (n = 12)). After artificial infection, according to PCR data, oral excretion of the virus lasted up to 5 days and stopped for 7 days (predicted titer 2 lg EID50/0.1cm3). The coeficient of increase in the titer of antibodies in the acute experiment after 14 days was not statistically significant. The vaccine «AviFluVac» was studied in parallel with the commercial vaccine «FluProtect H5», which was considered as a positive control. According to the totality of the studied indicators, the vaccine «AviFluVac» surpassed the commercial analogue.

Infectious diseases of small animals have become increasingly reported in cat and dog populations. The threat of parvovirus enteritis of dogs and cats (panleukopenia) in urban areas, due to the growing number of neglected animals, determines the importance of controlling the spread of this disease among animals by the veterinary community and utilities. Parvovirus enteritis is a widespread and contagious disease (mainly in young animals) with high mortality (up to 100 %). This article presents a description of the causative agent of the infectious disease parvovirus enteritis of dogs and cats (panleukopenia), the current epizootic situation of the disease in the world, transmission routes, pathogenesis and clinical signs, as well as methods for diagnosing parvovirus enteritis of dogs and cats (panleukopenia) and control measures and prevention of the spread of this infectious pathology. The materials presented in the article have a good illustration, which helps to better understand the data presented. This article will be in demand in the educational process in the study of parvovirus enteritis of dogs and cats (panleukopenia) and among practicing veterinarians.

One of the main problems in rearing young cattle at livestock enterprises are invasive diseases, in particular, parasitic protozoa. It leads to a decrease in the protective functions of the animal's body and the loss of live weight gain and death of calves. The aim of the research was to study the economic damage from calves eimeriosis in the Uvinsky district of the Udmurt Republic. To carry out the experiment, according to the principle of analogue groups, 2 groups of calves aged 3-6 months were formed. Calves of the control group were without signs of intestinal coccidiosis invasion. Calves of the the experimental group were infected with Eimeriosis with different intensity of invasion. To determine the extent of invasion, coprological flotation methods of Fülleborn and Darling were used. During the study period, the weight gain of calves in the control group was 882.0 kg, in the experimental group - 675.0 kg. When calculating the economic damage, we took into account the death and decrease in the productivity of animals due to intestinal coccidiosis. The damage from eimeriosis of calves 3-6 months of age for 3 months of research on the farm amounted to 9746 rubles per animal. Large economic losses are made up of a decrease in the productive performance of the herd, an increase in feed conversion and mortality. One of the most important measures to break the epizootic chain of eimeriosis invasion in cattle is the development of timely control measures, the use of which can significantly increase the profitability of agricultural enterprises.

Purpose of study is the testing Azinofen for its efficacy and biosafety in experimental canine echinococcosis. The therapeutic dose and the parameters of the Azinofen efficacy and biosafety were determined by the method of individual application, once at a dose of 5.0; 7.5 and 10.0 mg/kg, mixed with minced meat, on 12 outbred dogs aged 7-10 months, infected with echinococcosis. The use of Azinofen once at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg of body weight showed on the 5th day its 100 % efficiency. In a 7, 10 and 14 days of research, no teniids-type eggs were found in the faeces. It has been established that the echinococcosis invasion has a mechanical, toxic and inoculatory effect on the tissues of the small intestine of dogs, and negatively affects the morpho-biochemical composition of the blood. The experiments confirmed that the blood levels of erythrocytes, leukocytes, hemoglobin, total protein (including serum albumin and globulins), macroelements (calcium and phosphorus) treated with Azinofen at a dose of 10.0 mg/kg live weights, once on the 7th-10th day of the experiment, corresponded to physiological norms. The data obtained confirm the high efficiency of preparations based on the substances of praziquantel, fenbendazole in cestodosis invasions.

Pelvic injuries in cats account for an average of about 25 % of all skeletal injuries. Fractures of bones, dislocations of joints and ruptures of pelvic joints are often components of multiple and often combined trauma. In the paper the localizations of pelvic injuries and their frequency of occurrence in cats analyzed. The most frequent combinations of multiple injuries and variants of combined trauma indicated. Multiple pelvic trauma was detected in 93 % of cases. Dislocations of the sacroiliac joints were observed in 63% of cases and fractures of the iliac bone body in 52 % of cases. Combined trauma was diagnosed in 12 % of cats with pelvic trauma. Dislocations of the sacroiliac joints, sacral injuries, fractures of the ilium, articular cavity and sciatic bone can cause damage to peripheral nerves. Conservative treatment should not be used for unstable pelvic injuries with displacement of fragments, such as it is fraught with the development of neurological disorders and narrowing of the pelvic canal, leading to persistent obstruction and distension of the large intestine with the formation of obstructive megacolon. Careful individual diagnosis and intensive therapy for pelvic injuries can reduce the risk of complications.

At the present stage of the study of carcinogenesis, the main mechanism of genetically determined changes leading to uncontrolled cell malignancy is based on molecular research. The greatest interest is given to the study of proteins included in the region of nucleolar organizers (Ag-NROR-proteins) and supporting the biogenesis and transcription of ribosomes. The main biomarkers are: nucleolin/NCL (the phosphoprotein involved in the processing step), nucleophosmin/B23 (the family of non-histone proteins that maintain genome stability), fibrillarin/FBL (the main regulator of several stages of ribosome biogenesis). In the presented work, nucleolar chaperones were studied: nucleolin/NCL, nucleophosmin/B 23, fibrillarin/FBL in mammary gland tumor cells in cats (n = 16). The review considers the results of an immunohistochemical study, which revealed the production of these proteins and their localization in cells. During the study, it was revealed that the location of NCL, B23 and FBL is nucleolar and nuclear, from moderate (+2) to intense (+3). In addition, the localization of NCL was visualized in the cytoplasm of cells, which characterizes this biomarker as a chaperone for protein transfer. The studied transcription proteins lead to chromosomal aberrations inside cells, and, as a consequence, to malignant transformation

Pulpitis is successfully treated and has long ceased to be frightening for a practicing veterinary specialist. Three-channel pulpitis, subject to endodontic treatment, is common and has some treatment features. For treatment, it is required to process all three channels, following a certain algorithm. The process takes a long time, requires accuracy and precision. It is important to follow the main stages of endodontic treatment and take into account the anatomical features of the maxillary P4 of the dog. This is the only premolar in dogs that has 3 roots. According to the international system, Triadan has numbers 108 and 208. (*A modified Triadan system provides a consistent method of numbering teeth across animal species. The system is based on the occlusion of the permanent teeth of the pig (11 teeth in each quadrant - three incisors, one canine, four premolars and three molars. A total of 44 teeth). Tooth after Endodontic treatment does not become «dead», it can last a lifetime. Endodontic treatment is becoming an advanced trend in modern dentistry. It requires a doctor's vast experience and intuition, patience and accuracy, possession of a variety of high-tech diagnostic and treatment methods. Endodontic treatment is the most effective method of eliminating pulpitis.

The purpose of this study was to establish anatomical and topographic features of the large masticatory muscle in a Maine Coon cat, and also to determine its fixation points and evaluate the functional significance of the studied structures. The object of the study were sexually mature Maine Coon cats (n = 7). The methods of fine macro- and microanatomic dissecting were used, followed by functional analysis of the studied structures and skeletotopic projection of the points of attachment of parts of the muscle. It has been established that the large masticatory muscle in a cat is complex, that is, it is a complicated combination of six muscles having a three-layer structural organization, a special macroarchitecture, structural composition, orientation of muscle fibers, skeletotopic landmarks and points of attachment of their parts. The revealed anatomical features of the studied muscles may reflect their functional consistency. The results of the study fill in the information in the field of pedigree craniology of feline. So, we have updated the topical features of anatomical formations of the cat's skull - the caudo-lateral tubercle, chewing ridge, chewing venue, roughness for the intermediate muscle. The data obtained are reference in assessing the structural and functional state of the temporomandibular joint and diagnosing its pathology in Maine Coon cats.

The aim of the study was to analyze the dynamics of morphometric parameters of the minks large intestine in the age aspect and with using of the dietary supplement «Emprobio». The material for the study was the intestine taken from minks of different age groups: newborns, two, four and eight months old. The experimental group was added to the feed the dietary supplement «Emprobio» at the rate of 2.0 ml per head at the age of one month for 14 days. The morphometric parameters of the minks large intestine were determined: the thickness of the intestinal wall, the thickness of the mucous and muscular layers, their relative thickness to the total thickness of the intestinal wall; glands height, diameter and density per 1 mm². Macro- and micromorphometric methods were used. The thickness of the intestinal wall, as well as its mucous and muscular layers from birth to eight months, increased in the experimental group more than in the control group. The height of the glands of the intestinal wall in the experimental group increased largely than in the control: 14.5 and 13.0 times, respectively. The using of the feed additive «Emprobio» increases the body's resistance, improves the functioning of all systems and organs, including the digestive organs, which will ultimately lead to an improvement in the quality of mink fur products.