Electroejaculation is a method of reproductology in veterinary and human medicine. This systematic review shows the historical stages of studying the electrophysiological mechanisms of ejaculatory response - from high-amplitude electostimulation of the brain of a laboratory animal to the creation of unified protocols for a particular species. Also, were discussed fundamental mechanisms and possibilities for further development based on existing knowledge. This paper will be interesting for specialists in the breeding of farm animals, zootechnics, veterinarians and physicians, whose area of scientific and practical interests is aimed at solving problems of reproduction

An analysis of the data of annual reports according to the 4-vet form for the period from 2014 to 2018, provided by the veterinary laboratories of the Russian Federation to the FGBU СSMVL (Moscow), is presented. In bacteriological diagnosis of brucellosis, the «gold standard» is the isolation of the pathogen culture. This method is complex, laborious and time consuming. In total, 111,453 samples were delivered for bacteriological research during the analyzed period, 110 cultures of brucella (0.1 %) were isolated. The largest number of expert materials received for bacteriological research amounted to 23 936 samples (2014) and their number is decreasing every year. According to the results of bacteriological studies, positive results were obtained in 17 regions. The analysis of serological studies showed that up to 25,522.3 thousand samples of biological material (blood serum, blood, milk) are annually received by veterinary laboratories in Russia in order to detect specific antibodies. In total, during this period, 124,575.2 thousand samples of biomaterial were received, for which 242,317.2 thousand studies were carried out and 60 537 positively reacting samples (0.05 %) were identified. Since 2014, there has been a decrease in the proportion of detected seropositive animals from 0.07% (in 2014) to 0.03% (in 2018). Horses, cattle and small ruminants, pigs, camels, deer, dogs reacted positively to brucellosis. 30 constituent entities of the Russian Federation have been identified, where brucellosis infection foci are recorded. Fius, the amount of materials received for bacteriological studies is more than 1000 times less than for serological studies. Consequently, the results of mass serological screening of the livestock of animals allow, to a greater extent and promptly, to diagnose brucellosis and to judge the epizootic situation in a particular region.

The objective of the present research was to study the genome structure and the degree of pathogenic action (virulence) of five IBD virus isolates (Z/Lub, G/Mar, B/VN, K/Pol and S/Agr) isolated at poultry in the farms of Russian Federation. The structure of the VP2 fragment was examined. Strain «BG» with the known structure of this fragment was used as a control. The amino acid sequence alignment showed that the isolates G/Mar, Z/Lub, and S/Agr had a high degree of homology with the control strain, but difiered from the control at position D279N (aspartic acid residue). The B/VN and K/Pol isolates in this position were not identical to the three materials indicated. The virulence of the isolates was assessed in terms of morbidity, mortality, and bursa atrophy. The known virulent strain «52/70» was used as a control. It was found that in relation to the control strain, the isolate G/Mar had the highest estimate of virulence (80.5 %). The next were isolates Z/Lub (55.4 %) and S/Agr (51.4 %). The least virulent isolates were B/VN (44.3 %) and K/Pol (43.9 %). Note that the three most virulent isolates were identical at position D279N. The results obtained indicate the possibility of a certain relationship between the structure of the genome and the phenotype of the virus. time

Mycoplasma contamination is a serious problem for the production of biologics in the veterinary and biopharmacological industries, as well as for research laboratories. A number of dificulties are associated with the detection and decontamination of mycoplasma due to its high resistance to antibiotics and the latent nature of the course of mycoplasma infection. The development of effective methods for the timely detection of mycoplasmas and the decontamination of viral strains passaged in cell cultures is an urgent task. The aim of this work was to assess the possibility of decontamination of viruses from mycoplasma contamination using antibiotics. We used a collection of strains of orthohantaviruses (FSCIRIP named after M. P. Chumakov RAS) Puumala virus, Hantaan virus, Sochi virus - a genovariant of the Dobrava/Belgrade virus. A cytochemical method using Hoechst 33258 dye was used to indicate Mycoplasma. Virus reproduction was controlled by indirect method of fluorescent antibodies, the virus titer in the cell was determined by the method of focus-forming units. This paper presents data on Mycoplasma decontamination of orthohantavirus strains using the antibiotics ciprofloxacin and BMCyclin (Roche). It has been shown that ciprofloxacin has a clear cytotoxic effect, and the use of BMCyclin can lead to suppression of virus replication in the cell. A method of using BMCyclin for Hantaan orthohantavirus is proposed, which provides good survival of Vero E6 cell culture and a high degree of virus reproduction. The high eficiency of the antibiotic BMCyclin for decontamination of Mycoplasma has been shown. Its use is simple, effective and low-cost and can be recommended in order to preserve valuable viral strains.

This article discusses one of the options for reducing the post-therapeutic complications caused by antineoplastic drugs used in the treatment of mammary glands cancer in cats. There are various ways to reduce the toxicity of chemotherapy drugs. It give an example of the use of autologous blood of illness cats, when incubating (mixing) it with doxorubicin, (the drug belongs to the group of cytostatics). This chemotherapy drug is used as monotherapy in the treatment of this disease in these animals. The doxorubicin has a pronounced cardiotoxic side effect, which can cause damage to the cells of the heart muscle (cardiomyocytes), which in turn leads to death due to the development of myocardial infarction. Below is a variant of the study, as well as a description of the results of these studies (the numerical values of the results are shown in the table), which are designed to neutralize this side effect. The described technique has not been previously used in cats. In addition, the above manipulations are quite simple and inexpensive to use. Fiat plays an important role in the choice of methods and ways of treating tumor diseases

At present, cell cultures are increasingly used as model systems for the production of vaccines and biopharmaceuticals, as well as for assessing the effectiveness and cytotoxicity of new drugs. An important role for maintaining stable growth and reproduction of cell lines of various origins is played by the selection of the optimal cultivation medium and various factors affecting cell division. The aim of this study was to study the effect of cytokines on the functional activity of animal cells in culture. The study of the influence of regulatory peptides - cytokines (G-CSF, IL-6) on the metabolism of cell lines of the kidney of the embryo of cattle (MDBK) and kidney of the Syrian golden hamster (BHK-21 / 13-02) by the MTT test was carried out. IL-6 has a stimulating effect on the metabolism of the studied cells MDBK and BHK-21 / 13-02, while the highest level of stimulation was observed at a concentration of 60 pg / ml. As a result of the studies carried out, it was found that cytokine preparations do not cause serious disturbances in cell morphology and at concentrations of 30-250 pg / ml have a stimulating effect on cell metabolism

A brief analytical review of the most significant bacterial diseases of bivalve molluscs in natural conditions and in mariculture is presented. Such diseases as "warmwater" or "classic" vibriosis (Vibrio anguillarum), brown ring disease (Vibrio tapetis), bacillary necrosis (Vibrio tubiashii) and nocardiosis (Nocardia crassosreae) are described. The literature provides data on the prevalence and manifestation of infections, susceptible species of molluscs, virulence of pathogens and diagnostic methods. In the list of the International Epizootic Bureau, the diseases caused by vibrios and nocardia, which are very important for domestic and foreign mariculture, are not reflected. At the same time, diseases provoked by vibrios can occur in various types of mollusks and cause death at all stages of rearing, but the larvae are the most sensitive. Etiological agents can be 14 species of bacteria from Vibrio genus. Infections associated with Nocardia crassosreae are recorded mainly in adults of Pacific, European oysters and Black sea mussels.