Subchronic Toxicity of D-Cyphenothrin-, Piperonyl Butoxide- and Pyriproxyfen-Based Insecticide-Acaricide upon Its External Use in Laying Chickens

Introduction. Implementation of safe and efficient insecticides-acaricides suitable for using in the presence of poultry infected with ectoparasites is particularly relevant for poultry farming specializing in egg production. The development and implementation of new medicinal products into veterinary practice is a complicated process requiring comprehensive preclinical studies. The objective of this research is to investigate the subchronic toxicity of a new D-cyphenothrin-, piperonyl butoxide-, and pyriproxyfen-based antiparasitic product and the effect of its external use on homeostasis in egg-laying chickens.
Materials and Methods. A subchronic toxicity study of the D-cyphenothrin-, piperonyl butoxide- and pyriproxyfen-based medicinal product was conducted in 2024 at Podolsk Experimental and Production Base of the All-Russian Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Parasitology of Animals and Plants – Branch of the Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Scientific Center – All-Russian Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary Medicine (VIEV) of the Russian Academy of Sciences. Fifteen Hisex White chickens were divided into three groups of five birds each. Before each treatment, a 5.0% solution of the product was diluted in water at a ratio of 1:1000. A dose of 10.0 ml per 0.3 kg of body weight was assumed to be a therapeutic dose. Birds in the two experimental groups were treated in dosage of 33.3 ml/kg and 100.0 ml/kg, respectively, using a fine-mist spray pump. Chickens from the third control group were not treated. Treatment with a 0.005% aqueous emulsion of the medicinal product was carried out 6 times with an interval of 48 hours. The dynamics of changes in chicken weight, body temperature, some hematological and biochemical blood parameters was monitored, along with the features of behavior, feed and water intake.
Results. No significant changes in body weight in birds from the two experimental groups were recorded. Compared to the control group, no statistically significant changes in body temperature of chickens were revealed throughout the experiment. Six-fold application of the increased dose of the medicinal product resulted in destabilization of red blood cell parameters and decrease of protein metabolism in chickens from the second experimental group; however, these changes were reversible. Accordingly, a dose of 100.0 ml/kg can be assumed a threshold dose of no observed adverse effect level (NOAEL), and 33.3 ml/kg can be assumed a safe one of no observed effect level (NOEL).
Discussion and Conclusion. Statistically significant changes in some blood parameters in chickens were observed after six applications of a 0.005% aqueous emulsion of the new combined insecticide-acaricide at a dose of 100.0 ml/kg. However, these changes were reversible. Taking into account the threefold increase of the therapeutic dose in the experiment, the product proved to have a wide range of safe dosages for external use. Therefore, the antiparasitic treatment with the 0.005% aqueous emulsion of the combined product in dosage of 33.3 ml/kg can be ascertained safe for poultry.

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