The toxic effect of various doses of benzylpenicillin sodium salt (Pen), streptomycin sulfate (Str), and amphotericin-B (Amf) on SPF embryos was studied. For each dose, the toxicity coecients of the form C=ef/n were determined, where: ef is the number of affected embryos; n is the number of embryos used to test a given dose. The relationship between the C values and the tested d values was investigated. To approximate the relationship models to a linear form, the d values were presented in logarithmic dimensions (log d), and linear equivalents were calculated for the C coecients using the Berkson logit transform of the form f(C) = log (C / (1-C)). The lg d parameter was conditionally considered dependent. Regression models of the form lg'd=(k)×f(C)+lgd0 were built, where 'd - expected concentration of the drug for a given f (C); k - regression coecient; d0 - ordinate of the regression line. The predicted doses of the compounds ("H), the toxic effect of which was expected in 5% of the embryos, and the doses corresponding to the lower limits of the confedence intervals (p = 0.05) of the established values ("Нр) were determined. According to the preparations, in the order ("Нр -" Н), the obtained values were: Pen - (2600-3900) ED, Str (1300-2000) μg and Amf - (10-16) ED. We studied the toxicity of two variants of the mixture, in which the test compounds were included in the indicated doses. The toxic effect of the mixture containing the Нр-dose was 3.8%, a similar estimate for the mixture containing the H-dose was 6.3%. For practical use, a mixture containing Нр-doses is recommended

Given the material a unique experiment that was conducted to examine the condition of the gonads and the dynamics of physiological and biochemical parameters during prolonged exposure of Mature females and males of Russian sturgeon Acipenser gueldenstaedtii Brandt & Ratzeburg (1833) in marine ponds Belosarayskiy Bay of the Azov sea. Resorption of the ovaries of Mature females occurred in five stages: degeneration of the membranes; yolk resorption; fat resorption; pigment accumulation; growth of protoplasmic oocytes regeneration after resorption of Mature eggs. Resorption of trophic substances of Mature eggs was observed for 2-3 months, and pigment accumulations remained in the gonad for more than two years. Protoplasmic oocytes of the next generation developed asynchronously, and deformation of the membranes of these cells was observed. In males, four stages of degeneration of Mature testes were distinguished: resorption of single ampoules; mass resorption of ampoules; expansion of connective tissue layers of immature ampoules, abundant hyperemia; stage II of maturity (after resorption, autumn). The recovery period of spermatogenesis (spring) is described. After longterm exposure of males, the state of generative tissue was similar to the normal II stage of maturity, and sexual products were rematured. During resorption of trophic substances of sexual products of fish of both sexes, there was a significant increase in the blood concentration of total protein, total lipids and cholesterol, as well as the content of total lipids and cholesterol in the liver. At the same time, the amount of lipids in the muscles significantly decreased. Experimental data show that the adaptively justified process of gonad resorption in the absence of conditions for spawning is not harmless for the physiological state of fish and rematuration of gonads, especially ovaries

Mosquitoes are temporary blood-sucking parasites involved in the circulation of pathogens of many dangerous vector-borne infections and invasions. The spread of diseases and their transmission depends on the climate, the rate of transmission of pathogens, and population dynamics. There are many methods for constructing models of both biological objects and infections and invasions directly. This article discusses the issue of constructing an analytical mathematical model of the mosquito population size depending on the influence of three factors: average monthly annual temperature, average monthly precipitation and average atmospheric pressure per year. The obtained analytical model makes it possible to evaluate the indfluence of all the selected factors on the number of mosquitoes, both individually and in sum. The greatest influence on the number of mosquitoes is exerted by the average monthly precipitation, which may be explained by the peculiarities of the biology and ecology of arthropods. In general, analytical models make it possible to control the monitoring of the number of mosquitoes not only in the Kaluga region, but also in territories with similar climatic and geographic data. Mathematical modeling of temporary ectoparasites (mosquitoes) makes it possible to predict outbreaks of parasitic vector-borne zoonotic diseases.

In this work, the effect of albendazole and two drugs containing triclabendazole, but characterized by different indices of solubility and bioavailability, on the glycogen content in preimaginal trematodes Fasciola hepatica is considered. This reserve biopolymer of glucose serves as a substrate for energy requirements that increase under stressful conditions for the body, which leads to an increase in its utilization. The effect of anthelmintics was tested with a single oral administration of drugs to rats on the 40th day after the invasion of animals with adolescariae F. hepatica. Active ingredient dosage were 15 mg / kg for albendazole, 5 mg / kg for triclabendazole and 1 mg / kg for the supramolecular complex of triclabendazole with a water-soluble polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone. The concentration of glycogen in fascioli was determined by the spectrophotometric method on the first, second and third days after therapy. In the control group, glycogen was contained in an amount of 0.041 ± 0.002 mg / mg of fasciola. A day after the rats received the drugs, a decrease in the level of glycogen in helminths was observed: to 0.032 ± 0.005 mg / mg after administration of albendazole, to 0.027 ± 0.002 mg / mg after administration of triclabendazole, and to 0.025 ± 0.002 mg / mg after administration of triclabendazole in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone. The amount of glycogen approached the norm for most of the helmints on the second day after treatment with albendazole, and on the third day after therapy with triclabendazole-containing drugs. Thus, the low effcacy of albendazole against preimaginal Fasciola hepatica was confurmed and the effcacy of triclabendazole at a dose of 5 mg / kg in the form of a substance and at a dose of 1 mg / kg in combination with polyvinylpyrrolidone was compared in terms of the degree of influence of anthelmintics on energy and carbohydrate metabolism, in particular, the glycogen concentration

It is known that the pathological course of pregnancy is associated with a disturbance in the «mother-fetus» complex and leads to specific clinical consequences at the molecular-cellular, tissue, organ, organismic and population levels of organization. The mechanism of the pathogenic action of the isoimmunization effect is very complex and still remains insuficiently deciphered. However, the pathogenesis of morphofunctional disorders associated with isoimmunization, an important role is played by changes in the system of organs responsible for adaptation and survival. Therefore, in farms where the fact of the isoimmunization in animals has been established, it is necessary to pay special attention to the creation of conditions conducive to the normalization of the functional systems of adaptation of newborn animals. The material for the research was the lungs, intestines, kidneys, and thymus. Only fresh material was investigated. Sampling up to 0.5 cm thick for histological examination was carried out after forced slaughter. Fixation was carried out with a neutral aqueous 10 % formalin solution. From the obtained parafin blocks, histological sections with a thickness of 4-6 µm were made, which were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. When describing the morphofunctional state of organs, the structure, cellular composition, and the state of blood vessels were described. Isoimmunization of sows during pregnancy is manifested by a characteristic clinical and morphological complex that differs from other infectious and non-infectious diseases. The most characteristic pathomorphological signs are: hypoplasia, delay in differentiation, degenerative changes in the respiratory, digestive, urinary systems and organs of immunogenesis.

Poultry farming is one of the most important branches of agriculture, as well as the largest. Not only meat and eggs with egg products are obtained from poultry, but also by-products - down and feather. According to Rosstat, Russia ranks first in the total "meat" volume. A wide range of poultry products is definitely an advantage over other branches of agriculture. Currently, the main goal in poultry farming is to improve the nutritional properties and quality of the products obtained. This task became possible to solve thanks to guinea fowl, a distinctive feature of meat and eggs which is distinguished by a rich chemical composition and dietary properties. In addition to expanding the range and improving the quality of products, there is another equally important task. This is the control of the content of antibiotics in poultry meat. According to data obtained in Russian laboratories using the Vesta system, the frequency of detection of residual amounts of antibiotics in poultry meat Tetracycline - 76.3 %, Streptomycin - 13.9 %, Levomycetin - 5.2 %, Penicillin - 4.0 %. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of tetracycline group antibiotics in poultry meat is the most extensive in comparison with the use of antibiotics of other groups in the same field of agriculture. The study of guinea fowl meat for the content of tetracycline group antibiotics was carried out by the method of enzyme immunoassay, the content of these antibiotics was confurmed by the method of high-performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. The detection of samples of guinea fowl meat containing tetracyclines shows the use of this antibiotic in the cultivation of these birds

Control of milk’s quality and safety is very important for the state because this product is the basis of the diet of many citizens. Different kinds of milk’s falsification and contamination of it with different microorganisms and foreign matters are very common. A problem with contamination of milk caused by veterinary medicines - especially antimicrobial - is very common in these days. Quinolones are the most common to detect. They are very large medication group with directed pharmacological action against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Most often quinolones are used for treatment of urinary, respiratory, digestive systems’ diseases which caused by pathogenic microbes. Mostly they come out from animals with excrements - with milk in particular. There can be detected uorinated and non-fluorinated quinolones. This work contains a research of the quality of cow’s milk samples that were bought in a trade network of Moscow. Organoleptic indicators, fat content, protein, as well as the presence of antibacterials of the quinolone group were detected. Danger of quinolone-contaminated milk consumption is explained by negative effect on body. There can be dermal allergy, imbalance of bowel’s microbiota, arthrotoxic effect, raising resistance of pathogenic microorganisms to used medication. A monitoring of residual quantity of quinolone in milk and complete set of veterinary-sanitary control at each point of production and its turn over need to be undertaken for implementation of safe and qualitative in veterinary referring to product.

The distribution of prey birds helminths was studied in the territory of the Central region of Russia. According to the results of the study, the total extensiveness of invasion in two families of birds of prey was 96.8 % (93 out of 96 birds were infested), from them the family Falconidae the infection was 66.2 % (20 out of 30), Accipitridae - 95.4 % (63 out of 66). An important fact is that all studied birds were simultaneously infected with two or more types of helminths. Seventeen species of helminths have been identified, including four species of trematodes: Neodiplostomum attenuatum, Strigea falconis, Strigea vandenbrokae, Plagiorchis elegans, one species of cestodes: Cladotaenia globifera, ten species of nematodes: Cyathostoma americana Physaloptera alata, Physaloptera apivori Synhimantus laticeps Porrocaecum angusticolle Porrocaecum depressum Eucoleus dispar Baruscapillaria falconis Capillaria tenuissima Capillaria sp. and two species of acanthocephalus: Centrorhynchus aluconis, Centrorhynchus globocaudatus. The helminthic faunal complexes included two or more types of helminths in each infected bird. As a result of the work, new hosts for the following helminth species were noted for the first time: the trematodes Neodiplostomum attenuatum (Falco tinnunculus and Pernis apivorus), Strigea falconis (Falco tinnunculus), Strigea vandenbrokae (Pernis apivorus), nematodes: Cyathostoma americana (Circus aeruginosus and Accipiter gentilis) Physaloptera apivori (Accipiter gentilis), Porrocaecum angusticolle (Accipiter nisus), Baruscapillaria falconis (Pernis apivorus).