No 4 (2007)
13-18 40
Abstract
Recently an intense interest has been taken in mucosa structure, functions and immune response features.
It is associated with the fact that many pathogens are shown to able to penetrate into organism just through
mucosa that serves as a primary protective barrier against infection providing the antiviral and antibacterial
resistance.
General principles of mucosa structure, current perceptions of mucosal immunity concepts, mechanisms
of the creation of mucosal immune response to the pathogenic agent penetration are described. The
specific attention is paid to the preparation and application of mucosal vaccines and adjuvants. Their
immunobiological features and action mechanisms are demonstrated.
It is associated with the fact that many pathogens are shown to able to penetrate into organism just through
mucosa that serves as a primary protective barrier against infection providing the antiviral and antibacterial
resistance.
General principles of mucosa structure, current perceptions of mucosal immunity concepts, mechanisms
of the creation of mucosal immune response to the pathogenic agent penetration are described. The
specific attention is paid to the preparation and application of mucosal vaccines and adjuvants. Their
immunobiological features and action mechanisms are demonstrated.
18-24 50
Abstract
Results of analysis of peste des petits ruminants epidemic situation in the world, risk assessment of the disease
agent introduction to Russia are presented in the paper as well as Russian regions under potential risk
are determined.
agent introduction to Russia are presented in the paper as well as Russian regions under potential risk
are determined.
24-27 51
Abstract
International requirements for the risk analysis based on standards of the Terrestrial Animal Health Code
established by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE), Agreement on the Application of Sanitary
and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) as well as Codex Alimentarius provisions are presented in
the paper.
established by the World Animal Health Organization (OIE), Agreement on the Application of Sanitary
and Phytosanitary Measures (SPS Agreement) as well as Codex Alimentarius provisions are presented in
the paper.
27-31 47
Abstract
The veterinary requirements for import of animals, animal products, genetic material from animals, feed
and biological products to the Russian Federation are given in the paper.
The paper gives a review of the comparative analysis of animal product imports to the RF and EC.
and biological products to the Russian Federation are given in the paper.
The paper gives a review of the comparative analysis of animal product imports to the RF and EC.
32-37 49
Abstract
The efficacy of four maintenance media for the production of a reference sample of the rabies fixed virus
CVS strain was evaluated. It was stated that the VGNKI No. 3 medium was the optimum medium for freezedrying
of the rabies fixed virus suspensions produced in cell cultures and from brain tissue of infected
animals. Freeze-dried CVS strain samples when used with the VGNKI No.3 medium maintained high
activity in the accelerated aging test and under storage conditions from +4 C to -70 C.
CVS strain was evaluated. It was stated that the VGNKI No. 3 medium was the optimum medium for freezedrying
of the rabies fixed virus suspensions produced in cell cultures and from brain tissue of infected
animals. Freeze-dried CVS strain samples when used with the VGNKI No.3 medium maintained high
activity in the accelerated aging test and under storage conditions from +4 C to -70 C.
37-41 60
Abstract
The foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) epidemic situation is unstable in the Republic of Kazakhstan. After a
five-year absence FMD emerges in the regions where it has not been registered for 20 years. Before 2007
the FMD outbreaks and spread were registered in the south-east of the Republic, currently the disease
spreads to the west.
The situation is complicated by the market relation development. In many cases it is difficult to conduct veterinary
control of animal product, feed and animal transportations. However, not all regions of the Republic
are equally dangerous regarding the FMD emergence and spread risk.
five-year absence FMD emerges in the regions where it has not been registered for 20 years. Before 2007
the FMD outbreaks and spread were registered in the south-east of the Republic, currently the disease
spreads to the west.
The situation is complicated by the market relation development. In many cases it is difficult to conduct veterinary
control of animal product, feed and animal transportations. However, not all regions of the Republic
are equally dangerous regarding the FMD emergence and spread risk.
42-45 45
Abstract
Data on studying the reproduction of ARRIAH strain of peste des petits ruminants vaccine virus in caprine
gonad cell culture (Ch-91) depending on the amount of an infectious dose, maintenance medium composition
and route of infection are demonstrated in the paper.
gonad cell culture (Ch-91) depending on the amount of an infectious dose, maintenance medium composition
and route of infection are demonstrated in the paper.
45-48 48
Abstract
The indirect ELISA for quantitative evaluation of antibodies against rotavirus in bovine blood sera using a
method of single dilution was developed. The equation of a standard curve obtained by the method of linear
regression was used for the prediction of titers using S/P ratio measured in a single dilution of serum. The
intervals of permissible values of optical density of control negative and positive sera as well as a positivenegative
threshold were determined. The specificity and sensitivity of the method were compared with
those of the commercial kit INGEZIM ROTAVIRUS (Ingenasa, Spain). The developed test-system was
used for the investigation of sera received from different holdings of the RF.
method of single dilution was developed. The equation of a standard curve obtained by the method of linear
regression was used for the prediction of titers using S/P ratio measured in a single dilution of serum. The
intervals of permissible values of optical density of control negative and positive sera as well as a positivenegative
threshold were determined. The specificity and sensitivity of the method were compared with
those of the commercial kit INGEZIM ROTAVIRUS (Ingenasa, Spain). The developed test-system was
used for the investigation of sera received from different holdings of the RF.
48-51 62
Abstract
Experimental data on purification and concentration of NADL strain of bovine viral diarrhea-mucosal disease
virus are presented in the paper.
virus are presented in the paper.
51-55 37
Abstract
The paper deals with the optimization of conditions for indirect ELISA resulting from the improvement
of the method for Aujeszkys disease virus antigen preparation and the usage of different concentrations of
bovine serum albumin and equine blood serum in buffer solution for test serum and conjugate dilutions to
decrease background reactions.
of the method for Aujeszkys disease virus antigen preparation and the usage of different concentrations of
bovine serum albumin and equine blood serum in buffer solution for test serum and conjugate dilutions to
decrease background reactions.
55-59 79
Abstract
Data on studying clinical and pathologianatomic peculiarities of experimental Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae
in pigs are shown in the paper. Animals were inoculated intravenously, intratracheally and intranasally.
A typical disease pattern was successfully reproduced using all infection routes. The incubation period
was 6-24 hours. Our observations of experimentally infected pigs showed that the disease had three clinical
forms: superacute, acute and chronic. Hemorrhagic pneumonia, fibrinous pleurisy and pericarditis, as well
as accumulation of bloody fluid in the respiratory cavity were observed at necropsy. In case of a chronic disease
most carcasses showed encapsulated necrosis foci in the lungs. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae culture,
used for inoculation, was isolated from viscera samples of dead and emergency slaughtered animals.
in pigs are shown in the paper. Animals were inoculated intravenously, intratracheally and intranasally.
A typical disease pattern was successfully reproduced using all infection routes. The incubation period
was 6-24 hours. Our observations of experimentally infected pigs showed that the disease had three clinical
forms: superacute, acute and chronic. Hemorrhagic pneumonia, fibrinous pleurisy and pericarditis, as well
as accumulation of bloody fluid in the respiratory cavity were observed at necropsy. In case of a chronic disease
most carcasses showed encapsulated necrosis foci in the lungs. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae culture,
used for inoculation, was isolated from viscera samples of dead and emergency slaughtered animals.
59-63 55
Abstract
Data on the experimental study of formaldehyde effect on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae bacteria cells
are given in the paper. The inactivation by formaldehyde allows production of high quality raw materials
for manufacture of inactivated vaccines. Low concentrations of inactivant in microbial suspension provide
quick death of bacteria without a significant damage to cell morphology.
are given in the paper. The inactivation by formaldehyde allows production of high quality raw materials
for manufacture of inactivated vaccines. Low concentrations of inactivant in microbial suspension provide
quick death of bacteria without a significant damage to cell morphology.
63-68 52
Abstract
Piglets at the age of 40-55 days were subjected to intraperitoneal infection by different doses of H. parasuis
IL-1 strain. The infectious dose of 2x109 microbial cells caused death of all animals in 48-72 hours. The
animals died from the septic form of the disease accompanied by the disseminated intravascular coagulation.
After the inoculation with a dose of 5x108 microbial cells two animals out of four died on day 5 and 6;
they demonstrated changes typical for Glassers disease.
IL-1 strain. The infectious dose of 2x109 microbial cells caused death of all animals in 48-72 hours. The
animals died from the septic form of the disease accompanied by the disseminated intravascular coagulation.
After the inoculation with a dose of 5x108 microbial cells two animals out of four died on day 5 and 6;
they demonstrated changes typical for Glassers disease.
68-72 39
Abstract
A test-system on the basis of indirect ELISA using lipopolysaccharide antigens of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes
1, 2 and 5 for detection of antibodies in porcine sera was developed.
1, 2 and 5 for detection of antibodies in porcine sera was developed.
72-76 53
Abstract
The optimal nutrient medium for cultivation of porcine Haemophillus polyserositis agent using an indepth
method was selected. Regimes for H. parasuis bacteria cultivation and inactivation aimed at antigen
production for inactivated vaccines were evaluated. The inactivated emulsion vaccine against porcine Haemophillus
polyserositis was produced and its main immunobiologic properties were studied in piglets under
laboratory conditions.
method was selected. Regimes for H. parasuis bacteria cultivation and inactivation aimed at antigen
production for inactivated vaccines were evaluated. The inactivated emulsion vaccine against porcine Haemophillus
polyserositis was produced and its main immunobiologic properties were studied in piglets under
laboratory conditions.
76-81 58
Abstract
Results of preparation and assessment of activity and specificity of Salmonella typhimurium and Salmonella
enteritidis antigens as well as hyperimmune sera for ELISA are presented in the paper.
enteritidis antigens as well as hyperimmune sera for ELISA are presented in the paper.
81-84 47
Abstract
The area of nanotechnologies and somatic gene therapy technologies is considered. The paper demonstrates
results of generation of microcapsules having regulated properties (diameter, capsule thickness, membrane
composition and permeability) and the results of Aujeszkys disease viral DNA immobilization in these microcapsules.
The DNA microcapsulation can be used for DNA-vaccine delivery.
results of generation of microcapsules having regulated properties (diameter, capsule thickness, membrane
composition and permeability) and the results of Aujeszkys disease viral DNA immobilization in these microcapsules.
The DNA microcapsulation can be used for DNA-vaccine delivery.
84-88 38
Abstract
The paper presents the study results of salmonella persistence in organisms of vaccinated pigs. It is demonstrated
that after the challenge vaccinated animals are protected against salmonellosis but they remain salmonella-
carriers and shed salmonella with faeces. Viable salmonella can be present in blood of vaccinated
animals for a certain period of time.
that after the challenge vaccinated animals are protected against salmonellosis but they remain salmonella-
carriers and shed salmonella with faeces. Viable salmonella can be present in blood of vaccinated
animals for a certain period of time.
88-91 53
Abstract
Results of determination of serovariant belonging of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae SH-1, K-2 and
K-1 isolates by precipitation, agglutination and indirect hemagglutination tests are given in the paper. The
serologic tests showed that the isolate Sh-1 belonged to the second serotype and the isolate K-2 belonged
to the sixth serotype.
K-1 isolates by precipitation, agglutination and indirect hemagglutination tests are given in the paper. The
serologic tests showed that the isolate Sh-1 belonged to the second serotype and the isolate K-2 belonged
to the sixth serotype.
91-95 51
Abstract
The results of the serological examination of growing pigs, porcine type 2circovirus- and porcine parvovirus-
seropositive animals are presented in the given paper. The proportion of seropositive herds, as well as
seroprevalence of the target population herds to these viruses was determined in 28 pig-farming enterprises
of 6 oblasts of the Central Federal Okrug of the Russian Federation.
seropositive animals are presented in the given paper. The proportion of seropositive herds, as well as
seroprevalence of the target population herds to these viruses was determined in 28 pig-farming enterprises
of 6 oblasts of the Central Federal Okrug of the Russian Federation.
95-99 37
Abstract
A method on the basis of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and nucleotide sequencing for detection of Mannheimia haemolytica genome and differentiation between other representatives of Mannheimia genus
was developed. Thirty five samples from cattle with respiratory signs were tested by the developed method.
The Mannheimia haemolytica genome was detected in 19 samples and Mannheimia varigena genome was
shown in 3 samples
was developed. Thirty five samples from cattle with respiratory signs were tested by the developed method.
The Mannheimia haemolytica genome was detected in 19 samples and Mannheimia varigena genome was
shown in 3 samples
100-102 45
Abstract
In the paper the results of study of the effect of different theotropin concentrations on infectious activity of
the Nairobi sheep disease virus culture strain MM/K-05, its antigenic and immunogenic characteristics are
shown. The double immunization of sheep with the inactivated material protected animals from challenge
with the Nairobi sheep disease virulent virus. The results obtained can be used for the development of an
inactivated vaccine against this disease.
the Nairobi sheep disease virus culture strain MM/K-05, its antigenic and immunogenic characteristics are
shown. The double immunization of sheep with the inactivated material protected animals from challenge
with the Nairobi sheep disease virulent virus. The results obtained can be used for the development of an
inactivated vaccine against this disease.
103-106 46
Abstract
The results of the development of methods for bordetelliosis diagnosis in pets are given in the paper.
Methods for indication and identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica include the collection of deep swabs
from throats of dogs for bordetel-agar with selective components, isolation of pure culture and evaluation
of bordetella morphological, tinctorial, biochemical and cultural characteristics.
Methods for indication and identification of Bordetella bronchiseptica include the collection of deep swabs
from throats of dogs for bordetel-agar with selective components, isolation of pure culture and evaluation
of bordetella morphological, tinctorial, biochemical and cultural characteristics.
107-110 39
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the basic principles of viral genetic determinants study. Algorithms for target genes
selection, algorithms for primer pairs search using bioanalytical programmes, analysis of their quality, theoretical
and practical review of their matrix complementary and intraspecies specificity are described in the
paper. Besides, steps for optimization PCR procedures and verification of its quality parameters were demonstrated
using agents of herpesvirus disease as a pattern (infectious rhinotracheitis virus and avian infectious
laryngotracheitis virus).
selection, algorithms for primer pairs search using bioanalytical programmes, analysis of their quality, theoretical
and practical review of their matrix complementary and intraspecies specificity are described in the
paper. Besides, steps for optimization PCR procedures and verification of its quality parameters were demonstrated
using agents of herpesvirus disease as a pattern (infectious rhinotracheitis virus and avian infectious
laryngotracheitis virus).
111-117 55
Abstract
The results of molecular and genetic screening of 80 Mycobacteria cultures, isolated in mammal tuberculin-
reactive cattle in the Ukraine, are given in the paper. It is shown that the percentage of M. tuberculosis
complex isolates (M. bovis and M. caprae) is only 18.75% of the total amount of isolated cultures. The
predominant role of M. avium complex (30.0% of the isolates), and particularly M. avium subsp. hominissuis
(21.25%) and M. fortuitum (21.25%), in cattle sensibilization to tuberculin is shown. The necessity of
the wide application of molecular and genetic methods for tuberculosis diagnostics in the laboratory practice
is demonstrated.
reactive cattle in the Ukraine, are given in the paper. It is shown that the percentage of M. tuberculosis
complex isolates (M. bovis and M. caprae) is only 18.75% of the total amount of isolated cultures. The
predominant role of M. avium complex (30.0% of the isolates), and particularly M. avium subsp. hominissuis
(21.25%) and M. fortuitum (21.25%), in cattle sensibilization to tuberculin is shown. The necessity of
the wide application of molecular and genetic methods for tuberculosis diagnostics in the laboratory practice
is demonstrated.
118-121 40
Abstract
Biological characteristics of avian influenza A virus isolates, recovered in the Russian Federation territories
in 2006, were studied. The virus was isolated in SPF chicken embryos and subtyped by hemagglutination inhibition
test. The IVPI values demonstrated that isolates were highly pathogenic. Clinical signs and the disease
course in chicks were studied.
in 2006, were studied. The virus was isolated in SPF chicken embryos and subtyped by hemagglutination inhibition
test. The IVPI values demonstrated that isolates were highly pathogenic. Clinical signs and the disease
course in chicks were studied.
121-126 67
Abstract
A new isolate IBV663-07 of chicken infectious bronchitis virus, isolated in the Krasnodarsky Krai in 2007,
was studied. The results of nucleotide sequencing of the gene S1 fragment showed that the isolate IBV663-
07 was related to chicken infectious bronchitis viruses reported from South Korea, France and China. In 6
passages in chicken embryonated eggs their stunting and twisting were observed. Following introduction into
tracheal organ culture the virus caused epithelium destruction and ciliastasis in 72-96 hours after infection,
the virus titre was 3.0 lg CD50/ml. The tested virus caused respiratory disorders and nephrotic syndrome.
was studied. The results of nucleotide sequencing of the gene S1 fragment showed that the isolate IBV663-
07 was related to chicken infectious bronchitis viruses reported from South Korea, France and China. In 6
passages in chicken embryonated eggs their stunting and twisting were observed. Following introduction into
tracheal organ culture the virus caused epithelium destruction and ciliastasis in 72-96 hours after infection,
the virus titre was 3.0 lg CD50/ml. The tested virus caused respiratory disorders and nephrotic syndrome.
126-132 40
Abstract
An ELISA test-system was developed to quantify antibodies to avian influenza virus subtype H5 in samples
tested in a single dilution. The antibody titre was determined according to the inhibition rate measured
in a working dilution of tested samples. A positive-negative threshold for a more objective evaluation of
the immune response was established. The specificity and sensitivity of the given method were compared
with those of the hemagglutination inhibition test. The developed test-system was used for monitoring antibodies
to avian influenza virus subtype H5 in wild birds and for studying the post-vaccination immunity
in poultry.
tested in a single dilution. The antibody titre was determined according to the inhibition rate measured
in a working dilution of tested samples. A positive-negative threshold for a more objective evaluation of
the immune response was established. The specificity and sensitivity of the given method were compared
with those of the hemagglutination inhibition test. The developed test-system was used for monitoring antibodies
to avian influenza virus subtype H5 in wild birds and for studying the post-vaccination immunity
in poultry.
132-137 42
Abstract
An ELISA test-system was developed to quantify antibodies to avian influenza virus in chicken sera samples
tested in a single dilution. The antibody titre was determined according to S/P ratio measured in a
working dilution of tested samples. A positive-negative threshold and optimal optical density values of control
sera were specified. The specificity and sensitivity of the given method were compared with those of
commercial kits for detection of antibodies to avian influenza virus by indirect ELISA (Synbiotics), hemagglutination
inhibition test and diffusion precipitation test (FGI ARRIAH). The developed test-system
was used for studying the dynamics of postvaccinal immunity creation.
tested in a single dilution. The antibody titre was determined according to S/P ratio measured in a
working dilution of tested samples. A positive-negative threshold and optimal optical density values of control
sera were specified. The specificity and sensitivity of the given method were compared with those of
commercial kits for detection of antibodies to avian influenza virus by indirect ELISA (Synbiotics), hemagglutination
inhibition test and diffusion precipitation test (FGI ARRIAH). The developed test-system
was used for studying the dynamics of postvaccinal immunity creation.
137-141 42
Abstract
Data on studying immunobiological properties of the inactivated emulsion vaccine against Newcastle disease
and avian metapneumovirus infection under production conditions are given in the paper.
It was stated that the vaccine administration provided the induction of strong immunity in inoculated chickens
to specific antigens of the preparation during the whole production life of chickens.
and avian metapneumovirus infection under production conditions are given in the paper.
It was stated that the vaccine administration provided the induction of strong immunity in inoculated chickens
to specific antigens of the preparation during the whole production life of chickens.
141-146 40
Abstract
Biological characteristics of avian metapneumovirus isolate aMPV/B/2-07, collected from chick-broilers in
2007, were studied. The virus was isolated in tracheal organ culture. The virus-containing material was administered
in chicks by intranasal, oral routes and into a conjunctival sac. Birds demonstrated respiratory
organ affection. The virus was detected in infected chicks by the RT-PCR in oral swabs in 2-7 days, in tissues
of nasal passages in 3, 6 days following infection. In in-contact non-affected chicks the virus was identified in
oral swabs in 4-10 days, in tissues of nasal passages and trachea in 3, 6, 10 days following infection.
2007, were studied. The virus was isolated in tracheal organ culture. The virus-containing material was administered
in chicks by intranasal, oral routes and into a conjunctival sac. Birds demonstrated respiratory
organ affection. The virus was detected in infected chicks by the RT-PCR in oral swabs in 2-7 days, in tissues
of nasal passages in 3, 6 days following infection. In in-contact non-affected chicks the virus was identified in
oral swabs in 4-10 days, in tissues of nasal passages and trachea in 3, 6, 10 days following infection.
147-151 27
Abstract
Experimental samples of associated inactivated vaccines against ND, IB, EDS-76, IBD and reoviral infection
were prepared. In general, the volume ratio of viruses in an experimental vaccine sample was 1:4. Also,
vaccine samples with 1:6 NDV and EDS-76 virus volume ratio and vaccine samples with 1:1 IBV, IBDV and
reovirus volume ratio were used for the experiment. The dynamics of antibody response in groups of seronegative
chickens inoculated with corresponding vaccine samples demonstrated the sufficient antigenic activity
of NDV, EDS-76 virus, IBDV and reovirus even at high dilutions while IBDV had low antigenic activity
at 1:4 dilution in the associated vaccine formulation.
were prepared. In general, the volume ratio of viruses in an experimental vaccine sample was 1:4. Also,
vaccine samples with 1:6 NDV and EDS-76 virus volume ratio and vaccine samples with 1:1 IBV, IBDV and
reovirus volume ratio were used for the experiment. The dynamics of antibody response in groups of seronegative
chickens inoculated with corresponding vaccine samples demonstrated the sufficient antigenic activity
of NDV, EDS-76 virus, IBDV and reovirus even at high dilutions while IBDV had low antigenic activity
at 1:4 dilution in the associated vaccine formulation.
152-154 48
Abstract
In this paper the results of investigations aimed at studying the immune response dynamics in poultry after
administration of the experimental vaccine against avian influenza and Newcastle disease are shown. Two
monovalent vaccines against avian influenza and Newcastle disease and three samples of associated vaccines
against avian influenza and Newcastle disease with the antigenic ratio of 60/40; 50/50 and 70/30, respectively,
were used in the trial. The results of the trial suggest that the vaccine sample with the antigenic ratio
of 50/50 possesses the greatest antigenic activity and can be used for further investigations.
administration of the experimental vaccine against avian influenza and Newcastle disease are shown. Two
monovalent vaccines against avian influenza and Newcastle disease and three samples of associated vaccines
against avian influenza and Newcastle disease with the antigenic ratio of 60/40; 50/50 and 70/30, respectively,
were used in the trial. The results of the trial suggest that the vaccine sample with the antigenic ratio
of 50/50 possesses the greatest antigenic activity and can be used for further investigations.
154-157 39
Abstract
The possibility of cultivation of the highly virulent Marek disease virus Md45 strain in chicken embryo liver,
kidney and skin epithelium cell cultures was studied. The best results were obtained using skin epithelium
cells where the infectivity of the fifth passage virus was 6,8x105 FFU/cm3. That was one lg higher than those
in kidney cell culture and 0.5 lg higher than control values.
kidney and skin epithelium cell cultures was studied. The best results were obtained using skin epithelium
cells where the infectivity of the fifth passage virus was 6,8x105 FFU/cm3. That was one lg higher than those
in kidney cell culture and 0.5 lg higher than control values.
158-162 41
Abstract
Three field isolates FAdVs-1, belonging to various genetic groups were isolated using discontinuous passage
in chicken embryos, LMH and chicken embryo liver cell cultures. Two isolates were adapted to cell culture,
they efficiently replicated in vitro. Chicken embryos were shown to be inefficient for the virus passage.
Therefore, the isolation of FAdVs-1 belonging to B, D1 and D2 genetic groups requires LMH and chicken
embryo liver cell cultures.
in chicken embryos, LMH and chicken embryo liver cell cultures. Two isolates were adapted to cell culture,
they efficiently replicated in vitro. Chicken embryos were shown to be inefficient for the virus passage.
Therefore, the isolation of FAdVs-1 belonging to B, D1 and D2 genetic groups requires LMH and chicken
embryo liver cell cultures.
162-167 55
Abstract
The genetic analysis of 18 isolates of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), detected in poultry and synanthropic
birds from different regions of the Russian Federation in 2006, was conducted. The PCR with the subsequent
sequencing and comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of the main functional region of F gene
was used. The sequence of the F1/F2 cleavage site of all isolates was typical for virulent avian paramyxoviruses-
1. The F1/F2 cleavage site of most of the isolates had the sequence of 112RRQKRF117, as well as the
following sequences: 112KRQKRF117, 112RRRKRF117, 112RRKKRF117, 112KRKKRF117. The phylogenetic tree
was formed using the sequences of F gene fragment of 200 nucleotides of the studied isolates and reference
NDV strains obtained from GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all newly characterized isolates
belonged to four subgroups of two genotypes: 4a(VIa), 4a(VIb/2), 4b(VIb), 5d(VIId).
birds from different regions of the Russian Federation in 2006, was conducted. The PCR with the subsequent
sequencing and comparative analysis of nucleotide sequences of the main functional region of F gene
was used. The sequence of the F1/F2 cleavage site of all isolates was typical for virulent avian paramyxoviruses-
1. The F1/F2 cleavage site of most of the isolates had the sequence of 112RRQKRF117, as well as the
following sequences: 112KRQKRF117, 112RRRKRF117, 112RRKKRF117, 112KRKKRF117. The phylogenetic tree
was formed using the sequences of F gene fragment of 200 nucleotides of the studied isolates and reference
NDV strains obtained from GenBank. The phylogenetic analysis showed that all newly characterized isolates
belonged to four subgroups of two genotypes: 4a(VIa), 4a(VIb/2), 4b(VIb), 5d(VIId).
167-170 38
Abstract
In this paper the possibility of obtaining the maximum number of virus-containing cells infected by the turkey
herpes virus of strain Vladimir was studied using the method of multilayer cultivation in roller bottles.
It was determined that after adding of freshly-trypsinized cells to the infective maintenance medium
at the concentration of 0,6 (group I) and 1,2 mln cells/cm3 (group II), the final concentration of virus-containing
cells increased as compared with the control (9,8 mln cells/cm3) up to 13,6 and 17,1 mln cells/cm3,
respectively. Furthermore, the infectious activity of the virus increased as compared with the control value
(1,5060,09х106 FFU/cm3) up to 2,0260,082 (group I) and 2,8080,122х106 (group II) FFU/cm3. Thus, the
developed method of multilayer cultivation enables to improve the production technology of liquid virus
vaccines against Mareks disease.
herpes virus of strain Vladimir was studied using the method of multilayer cultivation in roller bottles.
It was determined that after adding of freshly-trypsinized cells to the infective maintenance medium
at the concentration of 0,6 (group I) and 1,2 mln cells/cm3 (group II), the final concentration of virus-containing
cells increased as compared with the control (9,8 mln cells/cm3) up to 13,6 and 17,1 mln cells/cm3,
respectively. Furthermore, the infectious activity of the virus increased as compared with the control value
(1,5060,09х106 FFU/cm3) up to 2,0260,082 (group I) and 2,8080,122х106 (group II) FFU/cm3. Thus, the
developed method of multilayer cultivation enables to improve the production technology of liquid virus
vaccines against Mareks disease.
171-174 41
Abstract
The opportunity of using tracheal organ cultures for studying immunobiological properties of mycoplasma
is demonstrated in the paper. Optimal conditions for studies were selected. The conducted studies aimed at
the determination of the titer of pathogenic isolates of mycoplasma using tracheal organ cultures and evaluation
of their concentration in the colony-forming units showed comparable results. The results of comparative
evaluation of pathogenicity of field isolates and of strain R M. gallisepticum for chicks by determination
of ciliary activity of trachea epithelium are comparable with the results obtained by sequencing.
is demonstrated in the paper. Optimal conditions for studies were selected. The conducted studies aimed at
the determination of the titer of pathogenic isolates of mycoplasma using tracheal organ cultures and evaluation
of their concentration in the colony-forming units showed comparable results. The results of comparative
evaluation of pathogenicity of field isolates and of strain R M. gallisepticum for chicks by determination
of ciliary activity of trachea epithelium are comparable with the results obtained by sequencing.
174-178 46
Abstract
The paper presents results of induction and determination of activity and specificity of components of
Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale strain K33 for ELISA.
Ornitobacterium rhinotracheale strain K33 for ELISA.
179-182 41
Abstract
The paper presents results of studying immunobiological properties of mono- and bivalent vaccines against
rabbit pasteurellosis produced from formalin-inactivated bacteria Pasturella multocida (serovars A:1 and
A:3). Blood sera obtained from animals, immunized by monovalent vaccines, were positive in the precipitation
test only with homologous antigens. Animals, immunized by monovalent vaccines against pasteurellosis,
were protected only if a homologous strain was used for inoculation. Two different serovariants of P.
multocida commonly isolated from rabbits increase the preventive efficiency of the bivalent vaccine if they
are used in its composition.
rabbit pasteurellosis produced from formalin-inactivated bacteria Pasturella multocida (serovars A:1 and
A:3). Blood sera obtained from animals, immunized by monovalent vaccines, were positive in the precipitation
test only with homologous antigens. Animals, immunized by monovalent vaccines against pasteurellosis,
were protected only if a homologous strain was used for inoculation. Two different serovariants of P.
multocida commonly isolated from rabbits increase the preventive efficiency of the bivalent vaccine if they
are used in its composition.
182-185 55
Abstract
The paper presents the results of determination of protective activity of monovalent vaccines against
rabbit pasteurellosis prepared from formalin-inactivated bacteria P. multocida (serovar A:3) and different
adjuvants. All tested vaccine samples were safe for animals and induced specific antibodies (precipitins).
Vaccine samples produced on the basis of Montanide oil.
rabbit pasteurellosis prepared from formalin-inactivated bacteria P. multocida (serovar A:3) and different
adjuvants. All tested vaccine samples were safe for animals and induced specific antibodies (precipitins).
Vaccine samples produced on the basis of Montanide oil.
185-188 60
Abstract
The data on inoculation of rabbits by different doses of Pasteurella multocida and description of clinical
signs and pathologianatomic lesions are given in the paper. Changes in blood composition of animals with
experimental pasteurellosis were studied. It was shown that the results of hematologic study could demonstrate
the severity of the infection process and the disease outcome and they could be used together with
clinical and pathologianatomic findings for early diagnosis of pasteurellosis in rabbits.
signs and pathologianatomic lesions are given in the paper. Changes in blood composition of animals with
experimental pasteurellosis were studied. It was shown that the results of hematologic study could demonstrate
the severity of the infection process and the disease outcome and they could be used together with
clinical and pathologianatomic findings for early diagnosis of pasteurellosis in rabbits.
189-198 49
Abstract
In this work a study on the mechanism of transmissing the infections which has been prevalated as dogma
in Russian epidemiology and epizootology during above fifty years is discussed. The prerequisites of its
occurrence are critically investigated. The arguments on the restrictive this study and their unacceptable
under contemporary conditions are presented.
in Russian epidemiology and epizootology during above fifty years is discussed. The prerequisites of its
occurrence are critically investigated. The arguments on the restrictive this study and their unacceptable
under contemporary conditions are presented.
199-202 46
Abstract
In the experiment it was studied the role of substances with different polarity (glucides and amino acids) at
the cryopreservation of bulls semen and of cocks semen. It was established the factors which depend on
their influence of the gametes of experimental animals. The researchers tried to explain the mechanisms of
the cryoprotective activity in a new way. It was summed up that the glucide was well studied monosaharid
in the cryopreservation process of bulls semen which has the property to stabilize the intermolecular
interactions as in the glycolipids complexes as in those glycoproteinic. At the same time with the increase of
the contents monomerycal links the morphophysiologycal indices of deconservated material also increase.
The performed experiments established that the cryoconservative result of the substances with the different
polarity was able to understand proceeding from the changes of superficial load of the plasmatic membranes
of gametes.
the cryopreservation of bulls semen and of cocks semen. It was established the factors which depend on
their influence of the gametes of experimental animals. The researchers tried to explain the mechanisms of
the cryoprotective activity in a new way. It was summed up that the glucide was well studied monosaharid
in the cryopreservation process of bulls semen which has the property to stabilize the intermolecular
interactions as in the glycolipids complexes as in those glycoproteinic. At the same time with the increase of
the contents monomerycal links the morphophysiologycal indices of deconservated material also increase.
The performed experiments established that the cryoconservative result of the substances with the different
polarity was able to understand proceeding from the changes of superficial load of the plasmatic membranes
of gametes.
202-204 63
Abstract
Embryonic and somatic cloning is one of the methods for endangered animals preservation for it offers the
great opportunities for conserving of genetic material outside cryobank and restoration of population in zoo
and wildlife animals. Although the main achievements in mammalian cloning are connected with the usage
of technology of nuclei transfer, the yield of intact preimplantation embryos and live births is extremely
low (0,1-3%), and the new births have serious abnormalities. Basing on our own experiments in cloning we
analyse in details the peculiarities and difficulties of several the stages of the technique of nuclear transfer
and offer the new methods, new devices and technology approaches.
great opportunities for conserving of genetic material outside cryobank and restoration of population in zoo
and wildlife animals. Although the main achievements in mammalian cloning are connected with the usage
of technology of nuclei transfer, the yield of intact preimplantation embryos and live births is extremely
low (0,1-3%), and the new births have serious abnormalities. Basing on our own experiments in cloning we
analyse in details the peculiarities and difficulties of several the stages of the technique of nuclear transfer
and offer the new methods, new devices and technology approaches.
204-206 29
Abstract
As a result of the comparative analysis of Western and Russian stallion semen cryopreservation technologies
in steps of freezing preparation, we singled out the most optimal parameters of sperm treatment.
in steps of freezing preparation, we singled out the most optimal parameters of sperm treatment.
207-209 55
Abstract
There are present continuous cell lines sensitive to RNA and DNA viruses. It is studied reproduction of
avian influenza viruses (H5N1 and H5N3) in 16 types of cells. It is shown that virus, which was isolated in
2005 year, has more reproductive activity, than virus of 1961 year. Were work out the optimal conditions of
cryoconservation for genofond maintenance collection cell lines.
avian influenza viruses (H5N1 and H5N3) in 16 types of cells. It is shown that virus, which was isolated in
2005 year, has more reproductive activity, than virus of 1961 year. Were work out the optimal conditions of
cryoconservation for genofond maintenance collection cell lines.
212-214 34
Abstract
A concept for a integrated approach towards the implementation of the idea of genetic resource conservation
is considered, which primarily includes development of biophysical methods for evaluating viability of
oocytes, spermatozoids, and embryos. Further, opportunities for obtaining two genetically identical twins
for reproduction of rare and vanishing species is discussed.
is considered, which primarily includes development of biophysical methods for evaluating viability of
oocytes, spermatozoids, and embryos. Further, opportunities for obtaining two genetically identical twins
for reproduction of rare and vanishing species is discussed.
214-215 38
Abstract
In the paper the questions of perspective directions of studying of the mechanism of damage of reproductive
cells of fish after storage at ultralow temperature are discussed.
The necessity of the morphological analysis of generative cells of fish before freezing at a cellular and
subcellular level, and definitions of activity of some enzymes are examined.
cells of fish after storage at ultralow temperature are discussed.
The necessity of the morphological analysis of generative cells of fish before freezing at a cellular and
subcellular level, and definitions of activity of some enzymes are examined.
215-216 38
Abstract
Bovine embryos at stage of development 7-8 days were estimated morfologically after nonsurgical recovery.
Repeated morfological estimation was carried out after cryopreservation and thawing. The prediction of
the pregnancy rate after transplantation of thawed embryos was made by the comparison of morphological
estimations before freezing and after freezing.
It happened that the pregnancy rate of recipients after embryotransfer was back proportional to the degree
of reducing of thawed embryos quality. The embryos viability after transfer was 56,9% (n=218), if their
quality mark before cryopreservation was same as after cryopreservation. The pregnancy rates were 43,1%
(n=534) and 29,3% (n=99) when the quality marks of thawed embryos have been reduced respectively by
unity and more than by unity.
The coefficient of correlation was -0,98 (P<0,001). This method increases efficiency of embryo transfer as
it allows to utilize thawed embryos with quality mark fair that they have been before freezing too. The
pregnancy rate after transfer these embryos (n=30) was 43,3%.
Repeated morfological estimation was carried out after cryopreservation and thawing. The prediction of
the pregnancy rate after transplantation of thawed embryos was made by the comparison of morphological
estimations before freezing and after freezing.
It happened that the pregnancy rate of recipients after embryotransfer was back proportional to the degree
of reducing of thawed embryos quality. The embryos viability after transfer was 56,9% (n=218), if their
quality mark before cryopreservation was same as after cryopreservation. The pregnancy rates were 43,1%
(n=534) and 29,3% (n=99) when the quality marks of thawed embryos have been reduced respectively by
unity and more than by unity.
The coefficient of correlation was -0,98 (P<0,001). This method increases efficiency of embryo transfer as
it allows to utilize thawed embryos with quality mark fair that they have been before freezing too. The
pregnancy rate after transfer these embryos (n=30) was 43,3%.
220-221 36
Abstract
Influence of freezing on bovin and equine sperm was studied. Is was established, that the most sensitive
parts to low temperatures in bovin sperm are acrosomes.And in equine sperm the most sensitive parts to
low temperatures are necks and tails.
parts to low temperatures in bovin sperm are acrosomes.And in equine sperm the most sensitive parts to
low temperatures are necks and tails.
Н. Сахарова,
Л. Межевикина,
Е. Вихлянцева,
Т. Суханова,
А. Смирнов,
М. Поцелуева,
В. Шубина,
А. Малашенко
221-223 40
Abstract
It was shown shat the development in vitro of mouse WR +/KitW-Y embryos was more effective than
development of mouse B6 +/ KitW-Y embryos. It means that basic genotype is very important exposure of
the same mutant gene.
The embryos carrying the mutant gene KitW-Y are less viable then the embryo with wild gene at the presence
of 1% DMSO in culture medium. The abundant embryo damage of mice B6 +/KitW-Y during cryopreservation
seems to be explained by a negative DMSO influence.
development of mouse B6 +/ KitW-Y embryos. It means that basic genotype is very important exposure of
the same mutant gene.
The embryos carrying the mutant gene KitW-Y are less viable then the embryo with wild gene at the presence
of 1% DMSO in culture medium. The abundant embryo damage of mice B6 +/KitW-Y during cryopreservation
seems to be explained by a negative DMSO influence.
223-225 57
Abstract
Although frozen-thawed in vitro embryos have resulted in the birth of many thousand of normal healthy
calves, it is established that such embryos are much more sensitive to freezing than in vivo-derived embryos.
Pregnancy rates such embryos are generally lower than those reported for in vivo-derived. There are many
well-documented differences at the morphological, ultrastructural, metabolic, biochemical level between
the two categories of embryos. Chilling of in vitro derived bovine embryos depends on their developmental
stage, culture conditions and on presence of numerous lipid droplets in their cytoplasm
calves, it is established that such embryos are much more sensitive to freezing than in vivo-derived embryos.
Pregnancy rates such embryos are generally lower than those reported for in vivo-derived. There are many
well-documented differences at the morphological, ultrastructural, metabolic, biochemical level between
the two categories of embryos. Chilling of in vitro derived bovine embryos depends on their developmental
stage, culture conditions and on presence of numerous lipid droplets in their cytoplasm
225-227 39
Abstract
We have cryopreserved the human fibroblast culture in medium containing fetal bovine serum with no
cryoprotectants. There were 632% viable cells in the medium with 50% FBS and 901% viable cells in
100% FBS after cryopreservation. The two cryopreservation programs were used and it was determined
that the first one with 30-40 per minute down to -28С with stopping for 15 min and subsequent immersion
into liquid nitrogen is optimal. It is possible to cryopreserve the human diploid cells with high survival in
medium with no cryoprotectants
cryoprotectants. There were 632% viable cells in the medium with 50% FBS and 901% viable cells in
100% FBS after cryopreservation. The two cryopreservation programs were used and it was determined
that the first one with 30-40 per minute down to -28С with stopping for 15 min and subsequent immersion
into liquid nitrogen is optimal. It is possible to cryopreserve the human diploid cells with high survival in
medium with no cryoprotectants
227-229 40
Abstract
Redox-reactions of NAD.H and FAD of boar and cock sperm during diluting, cooling and freezing - thawing
were studied. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and antimycin were used as testing substances. It was established,
that cold shock of undiluted sperm results in great reduction of NAD.H and FAD amount.
The growth of oxidation of NAD and FAD sperm after freezing - thawing was observed. Reduction of
reaction on injecting 2,4-DNP and antimycin was as well. The results of estimation of a redox-condition
NAD and FAD provided by a fluorescent method well correlated with data of polarographic estimation of
spermatozoa respiration after cooling and freezing - thawing.
were studied. 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP) and antimycin were used as testing substances. It was established,
that cold shock of undiluted sperm results in great reduction of NAD.H and FAD amount.
The growth of oxidation of NAD and FAD sperm after freezing - thawing was observed. Reduction of
reaction on injecting 2,4-DNP and antimycin was as well. The results of estimation of a redox-condition
NAD and FAD provided by a fluorescent method well correlated with data of polarographic estimation of
spermatozoa respiration after cooling and freezing - thawing.
229-230 47
Abstract
During cryopreservation of human fibroblasts slow freezing in 199 medium with adding 10% DMSO as
cryoproptectant provides higher survival rate. Storage process at -196 C does not cause an additional cell
death.
cryoproptectant provides higher survival rate. Storage process at -196 C does not cause an additional cell
death.
230-231 43
Abstract
Experimental data by definition of sperm quality of stellate sturgeon after storage of a seed liquid are
submitted at temperature - 196 С. Quality of man›s gametes estimated by sperm smear microscopic
examination and by impregnating ability of sperm after defrostation.
submitted at temperature - 196 С. Quality of man›s gametes estimated by sperm smear microscopic
examination and by impregnating ability of sperm after defrostation.
231-234 35
Abstract
Influence of additional components and velocity of the cooling on freezing cryoprotective medium has been
studied using a cryomicroscopy technique. It has been shown that additional components and cooling rate
on the freezing of cryoprotective medium fundamentally change the ice crystal area and survival of fish
spermatozoa at procedure of freezing-thawing.
studied using a cryomicroscopy technique. It has been shown that additional components and cooling rate
on the freezing of cryoprotective medium fundamentally change the ice crystal area and survival of fish
spermatozoa at procedure of freezing-thawing.
234-235 37
Abstract
The viability of dog`s bone marrow cells after incubation with cryoprotectants and cryoconservation in
liquid nitrogen have been studied. The method uses DMSO, PEO-400, glycerol as cryoprotectants. It has
been found that the viability of dog`s bone marrow cells after cryoconservation in liquid nitrogen without
cryoprotectant was very small - 5%. The 7% DMSO was most effective then other and protected more then
80% of cells.
liquid nitrogen have been studied. The method uses DMSO, PEO-400, glycerol as cryoprotectants. It has
been found that the viability of dog`s bone marrow cells after cryoconservation in liquid nitrogen without
cryoprotectant was very small - 5%. The 7% DMSO was most effective then other and protected more then
80% of cells.
236-238 29
Abstract
In the research there are presented the results on obtaining and cryopreservation of chorion cells preparation
under DMSO, 1,2 propane diol, glycerol, oxyethylated glycerol protection. The obtained results testified
that cryopreservation with 3-stage program in 10%DMSO presence enabled the saving a high percentage of
viable cells, did not cause the change CD 34+ cells content and preserved mitochondrial functional activity.
under DMSO, 1,2 propane diol, glycerol, oxyethylated glycerol protection. The obtained results testified
that cryopreservation with 3-stage program in 10%DMSO presence enabled the saving a high percentage of
viable cells, did not cause the change CD 34+ cells content and preserved mitochondrial functional activity.
238-240 41
Abstract
It was demonstrated that continuous ultrasound modifies the permeability of embryonic envelope of grass
frog Rana temporaria for fluorochromes ANS, FDA and fluorescein. It was found that the ultrasound
of 0,88 MGHz and 0,4-0,7 W/cm2 intensity increased the permeability of embryonic envelope for ANS
and FDA, whereas the ultrasound of 2,64 MGHz and the same intensity increased the permeability for
fluorescein with retention of the low permeability for FDA. Embryos continued the normal development
after treatment with ultrasound under these conditions.
frog Rana temporaria for fluorochromes ANS, FDA and fluorescein. It was found that the ultrasound
of 0,88 MGHz and 0,4-0,7 W/cm2 intensity increased the permeability of embryonic envelope for ANS
and FDA, whereas the ultrasound of 2,64 MGHz and the same intensity increased the permeability for
fluorescein with retention of the low permeability for FDA. Embryos continued the normal development
after treatment with ultrasound under these conditions.
ISSN 2949-4826 (Online)
