Introduction. The microbiological monitoring occupies a special place in ensuring the epizootic well-being of the poultry farms, allowing predicting the spread of infectious diseases in birds. By studying the microbiological profile during the incubation period and determining the sensitivity of the isolated microorganisms, the “working” antibacterial drug can be selected by the time of chicken hatching. This will enable timely prevention of the infectious diseases. If the research is started with the first biological control (at the 7.5^th day of incubation), then in case of high microbial contamination during the incubation process, the additional measures can be taken to prevent the infectious diseases: adjustment of the treatment scheme of the hatching eggs or chickens at the hatching, selection of the drug depending on the results obtained. Therefore, the aim of this study has been to determine the species and quantitative composition of the pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microflora during the incubation of the meat crosses chickens’ eggs in the poultry farm settings of the Omsk region.
Materials and Methods. The 240 air samples and 40 samples of the upper respiratory tract mucous membrane scrapings of the bred broiler chickens and 60 samples of the dead embryos were examined. The air contamination of the incubation cabinets was established by the sedimentation method on the 7.5^th; 11.5^th; 18.5^th day, and the air in the hatching cabinets on the 21.5^th day of incubation.
Results. When examining the air samples in the incubation cabinets, the predominance of the staphylococci and enterococci was found, in the hatching cabinets — bacteria of the E. coli group (Esch. coli.) and enterococci. When analysing the upper respiratory tract scrapings of the broiler chickens and the material from the dead embryos, the microorganisms of the Enterococcaceae and Staphylococcaceae families turned out to be the dominant species, to a lesser extent Enterobacteriaceae. A large number of the following microorganisms were detected in the scrapings: E. faecalis (38.5%), S. aureus (31.6%), E. agglomerans (11.4%), E. coli (8.8%), C. freundii (7%), P. aeruginosa (0,9%), E. faecium (0,9%). When examining the dead embryos, E. faecalis (44.7%), S. aureus (25.5%), and E. coli (12.8%) were isolated most often. Among the associations, S. aureus / E. Faecalis and S. aureus / E. faecalis / E. coli occupied a leading place both in the study of scrapings and in the study of dead embryos.
Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research, which enabled determining the species and quantitative composition of the pathogenic and opportunistic pathogenic microflora during the incubation of the meat crosses chickens’ eggs, has revealed that the microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract is directly related to the air microflora. By regular monitoring the air environment in the incubator, it is possible to control the recontamination of chickens at the hatching by examining just the air samples. This is a more affordable, less costly and traumatic for the bird method. Understanding the real epizootic situation allows determining the most efficient measures to reduce the microbial contamination during the incubation period, as well as select the optimal antibacterial drug, in case of finding the bacterial infection in the poultry stock.

Introduction. Canine enteric coronavirus is a widespread infection, especially dangerous for the puppies of up to 12 weeks old kept in shelters and breeding kennels. The causative agent Alphacoronavirus 1 has a high mutational variability. Foreign sources have repeatedly reported on the isolation and study of the new strains of canine coronavirus infection, including the pantropic ones, causing systemic pathology and death of animals. In this regard, the currently produced vaccines are not effective enough. The present research is intended to substantiate one of the solutions to the problem. The aim of the work is to evaluate the antigenic potential of the canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich” in terms of its reliability for being included in the combined vaccines against canine viral diseases.
Materials and Methods. A purified suspension culture of the canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich” with the infectivity titers 4.0±0.25 lg TCID₅₀/cm³ (TCID — Tissue Culture Infectious Dose) was used in the work. Antigenic properties were studied in laboratory animals: rabbits, ferrets and guinea pigs. The virus neutralising antibody titers for the canine enteric coronavirus in the blood serum of the experimental animals was determined by a neutralisation test using the “standard” viral dose of 100 TCID₅₀/cm³ in the feline kidney cell culture. The material for the test was obtained from the Cell Culture Bank of the Federal Centre for Animal Health.
Results. In animals initially seronegative to the virus, an increase in the CCoV virus-neutralising antibodies (VNA) titers has been recorded 7 days after a single injection of the suspension of the canine enteric coronavirus strain “Rich”. Over the time, the level has been increasing and has reached its maximum value on the 21st day. The mean value in the group of rabbits has been 4.08±0.36 log₂ SN₅₀, ferrets — 3.72±0.35 log₂ SN₅₀ and 3.77±0.63 log₂ SN₅₀, guinea pigs — 4.12±0.34 log₂ SN₅₀. Then the values of the virus neutralising antibody titers have decreased, but remained at a fairly high level for 35 days (observation time). At the same time, the physiological state of the animals has not changed.
Discussion and Conclusion. In general, the results of the experiments are consistent with the conclusions of the other authors. New data has been obtained by studying the antigenic properties of the strain in ferrets. The strain injected into them has demonstrated the clearly expressed antigenic activity and did not cause a general or local pathological response of the body. The “Rich” is promising for further study and can be included in the combined vaccines against canine and other animal viral diseases.

Introduction. Currently, the incidence of viral infections in animals remains a significant problem for the agribusiness of the country. The development of biological products based on the genetic engineering technologies is one of the most promising areas of vaccine production. Research is needed to develop the efficient vaccines against some complex pathogens. Therefore, the aim of this research is studying the antigenic activity, harmlessness and reactogenicity of the vaccines created on the basis of a highly active recombinant microorganism producing strain synthesizing the protein of the bovine respiratory-syncytial virus.
Materials and Methods. To study the antigenic activity of vaccines, 4 groups of clinically healthy guinea pigs were formed, 10 heads per group at the age of 45 days and weighing 350-400 g. without the presence of specific antibodies to the vaccine component viruses. Immunisation with experimental samples was performed two times intramuscularly in the dose of 1.0 ml. with an interval of 21 days, the control group was administered the sterile saline solution. The blood samples of the heart were taken using the vacuum blood collection systems before the start of immunisation and 14 days after repeated immunisation. To determine the titer of specific antibodies in the blood of guinea pigs, the indirect hemagglutination reaction was performed with an appropriate erythrocyte diagnosticum containing the vaccine component viruses. To study the harmlessness of vaccines, 4 groups of clinically healthy white mice weighing 18-20 g., 5 heads per group, were formed. The experimental samples were injected subcutaneously in the dose of 0.2 ml. to the animals of the target groups, the mice of the control group were administered the sterile saline solution. To analyse the harmlessness of vaccines, the method of visual observation of animals was used. To study the reactogenicity of the tested vaccine samples, the groups of 5-6 clinically healthy calves aged 2-3 months weighing 60-70 kg. were formed. They were monitored for 10 days. Microsoft Excel and StatBiom 2720 software were used for computer processing of the obtained results.
Results. The results of the study of antigenic activity revealed that all the samples stimulate the production of the specific antibodies in guinea pigs. When assessing the harmlessness and reactogenicity, it was found that immunisation does not have a negative effect on the general condition of animals, does not cause allergic reactions at the injection spot, does not disturb the physiological functions of the body and does not cause the death of animals, thus, the laboratory vaccine samples are harmless, areactogenic and have antigenic activity.
Discussion and Conclusion. The conducted research indicates the success of using a recombinant strain of E. coli producer in designing the efficient means of specific prevention of the animal viral infections. These results can be used to create the new biological products that will prevent or reduce the risk of bovine viral infections at the livestock enterprises.

Introduction. The transosseous osteosynthesis method is actively used both for pathologies of limb bones and for pathologies of the axial skeleton in dogs. The insertion of the fixators through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae requires the surgeon’s skill and precision in determining the insertion point and direction. To help novice traumatologists, a wire guide has been developed to insert the wires through the structures of the lumbar spine.
Materials and Methods. The study was performed on the basis of the experimental laboratory of the Ilizarov Centre (Kurgan city). As part of the state task, lateral interbody fusion was performed at the L4–L6 level with simultaneous bilateral posterior arthrodesis of the sacroiliac joint and external controlled transosseous osteosynthesis of the lumbar spine in 12 adult mongrel dogs. The insertion of wires through the lumbar vertebrae was performed using a wire guide for osteosynthesis of the spinal column, which was assembled from parts of the Ilizarov fixator. The wire guide consists of standard parts of the Ilizarov apparatus: a beam, one radius bar and nine short bars, threaded rods, bolts, flange nuts and two frame dismountable wire clamps. Next, the fixation of wires on the external supports was carried out according to the accepted method. After osteosynthesis, clinical and neurological studies were performed.
Results. After the dog was placed on the operating table, the distances from the external cues to the wire insertion points were calculated according to the radiographs. Two wires were put in the fixator at the required levels and, following the technique, a wire was inserted through the structures of the lumbar vertebra using a wire guide. No iatrogenic injuries were observed when using the wire guide. Clinically, after application of the external fixation device on the lumbar spine, on the next day after surgery and thereafter, preservation of all reflexes and functions of the pelvic limbs was observed. Clinical and neurological studies have confirmed the safe insertion of wires through the bodies of the lumbar vertebrae.
Discussion and Conclusion. The use of the wire guide is recommended for a novice traumatologist, proficient in the method of transosseous osteosynthesis. The wire guide allows the doctor to orientate himself when inserting the wires through the structures of the spine, in order to avoid iatrogenic damage to the spinal cord and abdominal organs.

Introduction. The available information referring to the feline urolithiasis pathogenesis does not fully reflect the nature of changes taking place in the body, because it does not take into account the existing liver-kidney interrelationship. A systemic approach to studying this problem enables development of the targeted diagnostic strategies, increase of the subsequent therapeutic efficacy, as well as reduction of the possible clinical harm of polypragmasia. The aim of this article is to study the interrelationship between the nature of the hepatorenal system morphofunctional disorders and the level of metabolic processes in cats sick with struvite urolithiasis with the signs of cystolithiasis.
Materials and Methods. The objects of the research were cats: the 1st experimental group consisted of the outbred female cats with tripelphosphate urolithiasis with signs of cystolithiasis, the 2nd experimental group — outbred castrated male cats with tripelphosphate urolithiasis with signs of cystolithiasis, the control group was mixed of the clinically healthy male and female animals. During the research, the results of the sick animals' clinical study, morphological and biochemical blood serum tests, hepatorenal system transabdominal ultrasonography were used, the urine macroscopic and biochemical examinations as well as urine sediment microscopy were carried out.
Results. Against the background of hyperazotemia in sick animals (UREA — 14.70±1.30 mmol/L and 17.05±1.60 mmol/L; CREA — 173.90±6.06 μmol/L and 182.30±7.54 μmol/L; URIC ACID — 69.30±4.50 μmol/L and 73.48±4.83 μmol/L) and water-electrolyte metabolism disorder (Ca+2 — 2.89±0.05 mmol/L and 3.04±0.12 mmol/L; P+3 — 3.12±0.06 mmol/L and 3.20±0.09 mmol/L; iCa+2 — 1.39±0.03 mmol/L and 1.42±0.02 mmol/L; Cl- — 125.58±1.19 mmol/L and 129.90±1.06 mmol/L) there were observed: a disorder in the hepatobiliary system functioning due to elevation of the main hepatic transaminase activity (AST — 41.74±5.35 unit/L and 49.30±6.74 unit/L; ALT — 85.82±6.15 unit/L and 90.05±6.50 unit/L; ALКP — 45.61±3.10 unit/L and 48.16±2.86 unit/L; AAR — 0.49±0.03 and 0.54±0.02), elevation of total bilirubin level (BILT — 5,76±0,15 μmol/L and 6,08±0,24 μmol/L) and bilirubin direct (BILD — 1,40±0,03 μmol/L and 1,62±0,02 μmol/L), as well as elevation of the gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT — 6,67±1,01 unit/L and 7,90±0,90 unit/L) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH — 215,47±10,30 unit/L and 219,04±9,27 unit/L) activity level. The acoustic shadowing of the hepatorenal system organs confirmed the signs of acute hepatitis against the background of cystolithiasis due to the existing anatomical relationship between kidneys and liver.
Discussion and Conclusion. The results of the sick animals’ blood serum examination indicated the progression of the hematopoietic dysfunction during the tripelphosphate urolithiasis, which contributed to the development of the circulatory tissue hypoxia in the liver-kidney system. The development of the hyperazotemia contributed to the elevation of the main hepatic transaminase activity and building-up of the functional disorders in the hepato-biliary system of sick cats in response to the acute inflammatory process going on in the urogenital tract. The carbohydrate and lipid metabolism disorders indicated the liver metabolic activity disorder and its parenchymal damage on the background of urolithiasis. The electrolyte and water metabolism disorders, the development of the hyperproteinemia in test cats with the tripelphosphate urolithiasis contributed to the damage of the hepatorenal system organs due to development of the compensated metabolic acidosis and hyperchloremia.